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深入解析WordPress中加载模板的get_template_part函数_PHP

May 28, 2016 am 11:49 AM
php wordpress function template

最近研究官方主题 Twenty Eleven ,有一些东西网上现成的中文资料不好找,在博客里记载下来,算是分享,也算是备忘,wordpress 3.0 以后就开始便有了get_template_part() 这个函数 ,应该是为文章呈现形式提供更为多样化的选择而给出的新功能。

Twenty Eleven 中 实例如下:

Twenty Eleven index.php 文件
 行:21

<&#63;php if ( have_posts() ) : &#63;>
 <&#63;php twentyeleven_content_nav( 'nav-above' ); &#63;>
 <&#63;php /* Start the Loop 在循环中使用以调用不同类型的文章 */ &#63;>
 <&#63;php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); &#63;>
 <&#63;php get_template_part( 'content', get_post_format() ); &#63;>
 <&#63;php endwhile; &#63;>
............................
<&#63;php endif; &#63;>
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描述:
加载一个制定的模板到另一个模板里面(不同于包含header,sidebar,footer).
使得一个主题使用子模板来实现代码段重用变得简单

用于在模板中包含指定的模板文件,只需用指定参数slug和name就可以包含文件{slug}-{name}.php,最重要的功能是如果没有这个文件就包含没有{name}的.php文件文件

使用方法:

<&#63;php get_template_part( $slug, $name ) &#63;>
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参数:

  • $slug (必须) 通用的模板名
  • $name (可选) 指定的模板名

示例:

使用 loop.php 在子主题里面

假设主题文件夹wp-content/themes下父主题是twentyten子主题twentytenchild,那么下面的代码:

<&#63;php get_template_part( 'loop', 'index' ); &#63;>
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php 的require()函数将按下面优先级包含文件

1. wp-content/themes/twentytenchild/loop-index.php
2. wp-content/themes/twentytenchild/loop.php
3. wp-content/themes/twentyten/loop-index.php
4. wp-content/themes/twentyten/loop.php

导航(这个例子很烂,但却是另一种使用思路)
使用通用的nav.php文件给主题添加导航条:

<&#63;php get_template_part( 'nav' );      // Navigation bar (nav.php) &#63;>
<&#63;php get_template_part( 'nav', '2' );   // Navigation bar #2 (nav-2.php) &#63;>
<&#63;php get_template_part( 'nav', 'single' ); // Navigation bar to use in single pages (nav-single.php) &#63;>

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get_template_part() 的钩子详解
因为在官方主题(Twenty Eleven)中 get_template_part() 函数被大量使用,所以就目前来看,该函数应该算是比较热门的一个函数了,之前有写过一篇文章讲述该函数的具体使用方法,在这里也就不便再赘述,本文主要针对该函数的 add_action 中的 hook $tag 值进行探讨,因为,WP hook 中林林总总有那么些函数在$tag 值中比较让人费解。

与普通hook的区别
普通的hook的$tag 是一个固定值,而 get_template_part() 确是一个可变值,好吧先不说,wp这么做给我们实现一个简单功能带来多少麻烦,但如此设置确实给多样化的主题实现带来了不少方便之处。
实现这一原理的源代码如下,截取自 WordPress 源程序。

 function get_template_part( $slug, $name = null ) {
//$tag = "get_template_part_{$slug}" 
//也就是,get_template_part_+你当时设置的$slug值
 do_action( "get_template_part_{$slug}", $slug, $name );
 $templates = array();
 if ( isset($name) )
  $templates[] = "{$slug}-{$name}.php";
  $templates[] = "{$slug}.php";
  locate_template($templates, true, false);
}

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实例
像上面那样说,可能也许基本上有点看不明白,好吧给点实例

//复习一下get_template_part($slug, $name)的用法,
//如果你在主题里这样
get_template_part( 'index' , 'photo');
//那么 WP 会去找主题根目录下 index-photo.php 文件
 
//那么我们想挂一个函数的话就得像如下
function addFunction ($slug, $name){
echo $slug;
}
add_action("get_template_part_index","addFunction",10,2);
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get_template_part() 函数详解备忘

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