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Yii快速入门经典教程_PHP

May 28, 2016 am 11:49 AM
yii getting Started

本文讲述了Yii快速入门教程。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

Ⅰ、基本概念

代码如下:

$component->onClicked=$callback;


这里的 $callback 指向了一个有效的 PHP 回调。它可以是一个全局函数也可以是类中的一个方法。如果是后者,它必须以一个数组的方式提供: array($object,'methodName')。

事件句柄的结构如下:

function 方法名($event)
{
......
}

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这里的 $event 即描述事件的参数(它来源于 raiseEvent() 调用)。$event 参数是 CEvent 或其子类的实例。至少,它包含了关于谁触发了此事件的信息。

事件句柄也可以是一个PHP 5.3以后支持的匿名函数。例如:

$component->onClicked=function($event) {
......
}

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如果我们现在调用 onClicked(),onClicked 事件将被触发(在 onClicked() 中),附属的事件句柄将被自动调用。

一个事件可以绑定多个句柄。当事件触发时,这些句柄将被按照它们绑定到事件时的顺序依次执行。如果句柄决定组织后续句柄被执行,它会设置 $event->handled 为 true。

3、组件行为

组件已添加了对 mixin 的支持,并可以绑定一个或多个行为。行为是一个对象,其方法可以被它绑定的部件通过收集功能的方式来实现继承(inherited),而不是专有化继承(即普通的类继承)。一个部件可以以'多重继承'的方式实现多个行为的绑定。

行为类必须实现 IBehavior 接口。 大多数行为可以继承自 CBehavior 。如果一个行为需要绑定到一个模型, 它也可以从专为模型实现绑定特性的 CModelBehavior 或 CActiveRecordBehavior 继承。

要使用一个行为,它必须首先通过调用此行为的 attach() 方法绑定到一个组件。然后我们就可以通过组件调用此行为方法:

// $name 在组件中实现了对行为的唯一识别
$component->attachBehavior($name,$behavior);
// test() 是行为中的方法。
$component->test();

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已绑定的行为可以像一个组件中的普通属性一样访问。例如,如果一个名为 tree 的行为绑定到了一个组件,我们就可以通过如下代码获得指向此行为的引用。

$behavior=$component->tree;
// 等于下行代码:
// $behavior=$component->asa('tree');

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行为是可以被临时禁止的,此时它的方法就会在组件中失效。例如:

$component->disableBehavior($name);
// 下面的代码将抛出一个异常
$component->test();
$component->enableBehavior($name);
// 现在就可以使用了
$component->test();

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两个同名行为绑定到同一个组件下是有可能的。在这种情况下,先绑定的行为则拥有优先权。

当和 events, 一起使用时,行为会更加强大。当行为被绑定到组件时,行为里的一些方法就可以绑定到组件的一些事件上了。这样一来,行为就有机观察或者改变组件的常规执行流程。

一个行为的属性也可以通过绑定到的组件来访问。这些属性包含公共成员变量以及通过 getters 和/或 setters 方式设置的属性。例如, 若一个行为有一个 xyz 的属性,此行为被绑定到组件 $a,然后我们可以使用表达式 $a->xyz 访问此行为的属性。

代码如下:

Yii::import('system.web.CController');


import方法跟 include 和 require 不同,它更加高效。导入(import)的类定义并不会真正被包含进来,直到它第一次被引用。多次导入同样的名字空间也会比 include_once 和 require_once 快得多。

我们还可以使用如下语法导入整个目录,这样此目录下的类文件就会在需要时被自动包含。

代码如下:

Yii::import('system.web.*');


除 import 外, 别名还在其他许多地方指向类。例如,路径别名可以传递给 Yii::createComponent() 以创建相应类的实例。即使类文件在之前从未被包含。

不要将路径别名和名字空间混淆了,名字空间是指对一些类名的一个逻辑组合,这样它们就可以相互区分开,即使有相同的名字。而路径别名是用于指向一个类文件或目录。路径别名与名字空间并不冲突。

代码如下:

array('AttributeList', 'Validator', 'on'=>'ScenarioList', ...附加选项)


其中:

AttributeList(特性列表)是需要通过此规则验证的特性列表字符串,每个特性名字由逗号分隔;
Validator(验证器) 指定要执行验证的种类;
on 参数是可选的,它指定此规则应被应用到的场景列表;
附加选项 是一个名值对数组,用于初始化相应验证器的属性值。

希望本文所述对大家基于Yii框架的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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