Let's talk about golang's locking mechanism (application scenarios)

In the field of programming languages, golang is a high-profile language. It covers the features of many other languages, but has its own unique characteristics. In golang, locking is a relatively common operation, but it is a topic that is often mentioned in discussions. This article will discuss whether golang needs locking and whether locking is necessary.

First of all, it needs to be clear that the role of locking in golang is to protect shared data. In a multi-threaded and multi-coroutine environment, shared data is prone to data race problems. The locking and unlocking of locks can ensure that only one thread or coroutine accesses shared data at the same time, thereby avoiding race condition problems. The purpose of using locks is not only to avoid data competition, but also to better utilize CPU resources and improve the concurrency performance of the program.

However, the cost of locking is significant. Before accessing a shared data, a lock must be obtained. If the lock is being occupied by another thread or coroutine, the current thread or coroutine needs to wait until the other thread or coroutine releases the lock. This waiting time will cause a delay in execution, causing the program to slow down. If the lock is used too frequently, lock competition will occur, resulting in reduced program performance.

So, under what circumstances is it necessary to lock? In singleton mode, read-write locks, mutexes, etc., you need to lock when accessing a shared data. This is a basic experience.

It should be noted that locking is not the solution to all concurrency problems in golang. For some shared data that has a small number of data accesses and the data will not change, you can use atomic operations to access instead of locking. Atomic operation is a lock-free concurrent access method, which is characterized by ensuring the atomicity and consistency of data access without using locks, thereby maximizing the concurrency performance of the program.

In addition, in golang, there are some other semaphore-based mechanisms that can achieve synchronization. By using channels to deliver messages, effective communication and coordination between multiple coroutines can be achieved. Compared with locks, using channels can greatly reduce competition between threads, while also ensuring strong dependence of the program.

In summary, concurrent programming in golang requires reasonable use of the locking mechanism. If other concurrency synchronization mechanisms can be used to avoid the use of locks, then they should be used. Excessive use of locks can cause lock contention problems, thereby reducing program performance. In order to make the program perform better, it should be selected and used effectively.

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