An article discusses the golang running process

Go language (Golang) is an open source programming language that is efficient, simple, and safe, and is increasingly loved by developers. In this article, we will discuss the running process of Go language.

Golang’s compilation process

Golang’s compilation process is the first step in Golang program execution. The source code of the Golang program needs to be formatted first before compilation. The formatted code makes the code more readable. Source code formatting can be performed by using the gofmt tool, which is a formatting tool that comes with the Go language.

Golang’s compiler (Compiler) is the process of converting Golang source code (.go file) into machine code and generating an executable file. Before converting source code into machine code, the Golang compiler will perform operations such as syntax checking, type checking, and code optimization to ensure the correctness and efficiency of the program at runtime.

The running process of Golang

The execution process of Golang program is mainly divided into two stages: loading and running.

1. Loading Phase

Golang program needs to load the executable file into memory before execution. The executable file includes code segment, data segment and stack. Golang's executable files are generally statically linked, which means that all library files will be compiled into the executable file, which also makes the execution speed of Golang programs faster.

2. Running phase

After the Golang program is loaded, it enters the running phase. The program first executes the main() function, and then calls other functions until the program ends. During Golang running, memory is allocated and managed by the heap, stack and global variables. Each Golang goroutine has its own stack space, and communication between goroutines is completed through channels.

Golang’s memory management mechanism

Golang’s memory management mechanism is mainly based on the garbage collection (Garbage Collection, referred to as GC) mechanism. Golang uses an adaptive garbage collection algorithm to automatically adjust the garbage collection strategy according to the load of the application, making the recycling time shorter and the performance higher.

Golang’s garbage collection mechanism is based on the three-color marking algorithm and uses generational technology. Golang divides memory blocks into three generations, and the marking period of each generation increases. After a generation of garbage collection cycles passes through multiple marking cycles, it will be considered an older generation, and subsequent marking cycles will perform more frequent garbage collection for the older generation.

Golang uses write barrier and read-write barrier technology to ensure the correctness and performance of GC. When the program writes to an object or pointer in memory, the GC will record the operation and mark the object or pointer black so that the GC can determine whether the object is reachable. During the read operation, the GC will check whether the object is black. If it is black, it means that the object is reachable and no garbage collection is required.

Summary

Golang is an efficient, simple, and safe programming language. Its running process is mainly divided into two stages: loading and running. It should be noted that Golang uses an adaptive garbage collection algorithm to make memory management more efficient and flexible. By in-depth understanding of Golang's running process and memory management mechanism, we can better improve the performance and stability of Golang programs.

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