Discuss the techniques of exporting methods in Golang

Go is a popular programming language, some of which have external visibility methods, that is, exported methods. Exported methods can be called by other packages or files, while private methods can only be used internally. In this article, we will discuss the concept of exported methods in Golang, how to export methods and some tips for using exported methods.

The concept of exported methods

In Golang, only methods starting with a capital letter will be called by other packages and files. This means that if a method's name starts with a lowercase letter, it will be considered a private method. These private methods are only accessible within files within the same package. Therefore, in order to make the method available in other packages or files, we need to change the first letter of the method name to uppercase.

How to export methods

Here is a sample code to demonstrate how to export methods:

package main

import "fmt"

type Student struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func (s Student) PrintAge() {
    fmt.Printf("%s is %d years old\n", s.Name, s.Age)
}

func main() {
    student := Student{"Alice", 21}
    student.PrintAge()
}

In the above code, we define a structure called Student body and defines a method named PrintAge. Since PrintAge's name starts with a capital letter P, this means it can be called by other packages or files. In the main function, we create an instance named student and then call the PrintAge method to print its age.

Tips for using exported methods

The following are some tips for using exported methods:

1. Avoid duplicating type definitions: When defining a normal structure, we You can avoid duplicate type definitions by using exported methods. For example, in the above example, we defined a structure named Student and defined the PrintAge method as the method of Student. This means that other files or packages can use the same Student type definition and print the age of that type by calling the PrintAge method.
2. Implementation interface: You can use the export method to define a type that implements the interface. For example, if we need a type to format data, we can define an interface called DataFormatter and a method called FormatData for that interface. We can then implement the interface for different types by using exported methods. This will allow different types to use the same function signature to format data.
3. Provide API: Use export methods to easily provide APIs to other developers. For example, in a web service, you can use exported methods to allow other developers to call certain functions and return corresponding results.
4. Convenient testing: Use the export method to easily test the code. When testing, you can import another package and call its exported methods to test whether certain functionality operates as expected.

Summary

In this article, we discussed the concept of exported methods, how to export methods, and tips for using exported methods. By using exported methods, we can avoid defining duplicate types, implement interfaces, provide APIs, and easily test the code. If you are using the Golang programming language and want to make a method visible and used in other packages or files, make sure to change the first letter of the method name to an uppercase letter.

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