Let's talk about how to use golang to implement methods

Golang (Go language) is a programming language, and method is a programming concept in golang. In golang, you can add methods to types by defining methods. This article will introduce methods in golang and how to use golang to implement methods.

1. The concept of method

In golang, a method is a function that operates on a type. In actual programming, we can add methods to types to achieve specific functions by defining methods.

The difference between methods and functions is that methods are functions defined on a type, while functions are independent. In other words, methods act on a specific type and can access the properties of that type, whereas functions do not have such restrictions.

The syntax format of the method is as follows:

func (t Type) methodname(parameter list) (return type){
    //方法体
}

Among them, Type represents the type, methodname is the method name of the type, parameter list and return type are the parameters and return value of the method respectively.

2. Use of methods

We can add methods to types through the following steps:

1. Define a type: In golang, you can use the type keyword to define a custom type.

For example:

type student struct {
    name string
    age int
}

2. Define a method: You can define a method by adding the method name and method body before the type name.

For example:

func (s student) getAge() int {
    return s.age
}

In the above code, the getAge() method is defined on the student type. This method will return the age property of the student object.

3. Call the method

After the method is defined, we can call the method by instantiating the object of this type and using the object.

For example:

s := student{name: "Tom", age: 18}
age := s.getAge()
fmt.Println(age)

In the above code, we first instantiate an object s of type student and assign values ​​to its name and age attributes. Next, we called the getAge() method of the object and assigned the return value to the variable age. Finally, we print the value of age to the console.

3. Golang Implementation Method Example

The following example shows how to implement the method in golang:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

type student struct {
    name string
    age  int
}

func (s student) getAge() int {
    return s.age
}

func (s *student) setAge(age int) {
    s.age = age
}

func main() {
    s := student{name: "Tom", age: 18}
    age := s.getAge()
    fmt.Println(age)

    s.setAge(20)
    newAge := s.getAge()
    fmt.Println(newAge)
}

In this example, we define a student type, and Two methods, getAge() and setAge(), were added to this type. Among them, the getAge() method returns the age attribute of this type, and the setAge() method is used to set the age attribute of this type.

In the main function, we first instantiate an object s of type student and obtain the age attribute of the object; then, we use the setAge() method to set the age attribute of the object to 20, and Get the age attribute of the object again. Ultimately, this code will output two values, 18 and 20, on the console.

Conclusion

A method in golang is a function that targets a specific type of behavior and can access the properties of that type. We can add specific functionality to a type by using methods to implement specific logic. In this article, we introduced the concept of methods in golang and how to implement methods using golang. If you want to learn golang in depth, be sure to master the methods in golang.

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