PHP抓取及分析网页的方法详解_PHP
本文实例讲述了PHP抓取及分析网页的方法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
抓取和分析一个文件是非常简单的事。这个教程将通过一个例子带领你一步一步地去实现它。让我们开始吧！
首先，我首必须决定我们将抓取的URL地址。可以通过在脚本中设定或通过$QUERY_STRING传递。为了简单起见，让我们将变量直接设在脚本中。
<?php $url = 'http://www.php.net'; ?>
第二步，我们抓取指定文件，并且通过file()函数将它存在一个数组里。
<?php $url = 'http://www.php.net'; $lines_array = file($url); ?>
好了，现在在数组里已经有了文件了。但是，我们想分析的文本可能不全在一行里面。为了解决这个文件，我们可以简单地将数组$lines_array转化成一个字符串。我们可以使用implode(x,y)函数来实现它。如果在后面你想用explode(将字符串变量数组)，将x设成"|"或"!"或其它类似的分隔符可能会更好。但是出于我们的目的，最好将x设成空格。y是另一个必要的参数，因为它是你想用implode()处理的数组。
<?php
$url = 'http://www.php.net';
$lines_array = file($url);
$lines_string = implode('', $lines_array);
?>
现在，抓取工作就做完了，下面该进行分析了。出于这个例子的目的，我们想得到在
到之间的所有东西。为了分析出字符串，我们还需要叫做正规表达式的东西。
<?php
$url = 'http://www.php.net';
$lines_array = file($url);
$lines_string = implode('', $lines_array);
eregi("<head>(.*)</head>", $lines_string, $head);
?>
让我们看一下代码。正如你所见，eregi()函数按下面的格式执行：
eregi("<head>(.*)</head>", $lines_string, $head);
"(.*)"表示所有东西，可以解释为，"分析在
和间的所以东西"。$lines_string是我们正在分析的字符串，$head是分析后的结果存放的数组。最后，我们可以输数据。因为仅在
和间存在一个实例，我们可以安全的假设数组中仅存在着一个元素，而且就是我们想要的。让我们把它打印出来吧。
<?php
$url = 'http://www.php.net';
$lines_array = file($url);
$lines_string = implode('', $lines_array); eregi("<head>(.*)</head>", $lines_string, $head);
echo $head[0];
?>
这就是全部的代码了。
<?php
//获取所有内容url保存到文件
function get_index ( $save_file , $prefix = "index_" ){
$count = 68 ;
$i = 1 ;
if ( file_exists ( $save_file )) @ unlink ( $save_file );
$fp = fopen ( $save_file , "a+" ) or die( "Open " . $save_file . " failed" );
while( $i < $count ){
$url = $prefix . $i . ".htm" ;
echo "Get " . $url . "..." ;
$url_str = get_content_url ( get_url ( $url ));
echo " OK/n" ;
fwrite ( $fp , $url_str );
++ $i ;
}
fclose ( $fp );
}
//获取目标多媒体对象
function get_object ( $url_file , $save_file , $split = "|--:**:--|" ){
if (! file_exists ( $url_file )) die( $url_file . " not exist" );
$file_arr = file ( $url_file );
if (! is_array ( $file_arr ) || empty( $file_arr )) die( $url_file . " not content" );
$url_arr = array_unique ( $file_arr );
if ( file_exists ( $save_file )) @ unlink ( $save_file );
$fp = fopen ( $save_file , "a+" ) or die( "Open save file " . $save_file . " failed" );
foreach( $url_arr as $url ){
if (empty( $url )) continue;
echo "Get " . $url . "..." ;
$html_str = get_url ( $url );
echo $html_str ;
echo $url ;
exit;
$obj_str = get_content_object ( $html_str );
echo " OK/n" ;
fwrite ( $fp , $obj_str );
}
fclose ( $fp );
}
//遍历目录获取文件内容
function get_dir ( $save_file , $dir ){
$dp = opendir ( $dir );
if ( file_exists ( $save_file )) @ unlink ( $save_file );
$fp = fopen ( $save_file , "a+" ) or die( "Open save file " . $save_file . " failed" );
while(( $file = readdir ( $dp )) != false ){
if ( $file != "." && $file != ".." ){
echo "Read file " . $file . "..." ;
$file_content = file_get_contents ( $dir . $file );
$obj_str = get_content_object ( $file_content );
echo " OK/n" ;
fwrite ( $fp , $obj_str );
}
}
fclose ( $fp );
}
//获取指定url内容
function get_url ( $url ){
$reg = '/^http:////[^//].+$/' ;
if (! preg_match ( $reg , $url )) die( $url . " invalid" );
$fp = fopen ( $url , "r" ) or die( "Open url: " . $url . " failed." );
while( $fc = fread ( $fp , 8192 )){
$content .= $fc ;
}
fclose ( $fp );
if (empty( $content )){
die( "Get url: " . $url . " content failed." );
}
return $content ;
}
//使用socket获取指定网页
function get_content_by_socket ( $url , $host ){
$fp = fsockopen ( $host , 80 ) or die( "Open " . $url . " failed" );
$header = "GET /" . $url . " HTTP/1.1/r/n" ;
$header .= "Accept: */*/r/n" ;
$header .= "Accept-Language: zh-cn/r/n" ;
$header .= "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate/r/n" ;
$header .= "User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; InfoPath.1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)/r/n" ;
$header .= "Host: " . $host . "/r/n" ;
$header .= "Connection: Keep-Alive/r/n" ;
//$header .= "Cookie: cnzz02=2; rtime=1; ltime=1148456424859; cnzz_eid=56601755-/r/n/r/n";
$header .= "Connection: Close/r/n/r/n" ;
fwrite ( $fp , $header );
while (! feof ( $fp )) {
$contents .= fgets ( $fp , 8192 );
}
fclose ( $fp );
return $contents ;
}
//获取指定内容里的url
function get_content_url ( $host_url , $file_contents ){
//$reg = '/^(#|<a href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/18" class='replace_word' title="JavaScript知识库" target='_blank' style='color:#df3434; font-weight:bold;'>JavaScript</a>.*?|ftp:////.+|http:////.+|.*?href.*?|play.*?|index.*?|.*?asp)+$/i';
//$reg = '/^(down.*?/.html|/d+_/d+/.htm.*?)$/i';
$rex = "/([hH][rR][eE][Ff])/s*=/s*['/"]*([^>'/"/s]+)[/"'>]*/s*/i" ;
$reg = '/^(down.*?/.html)$/i' ;
preg_match_all ( $rex , $file_contents , $r );
$result = "" ; //array();
foreach( $r as $c ){
if ( is_array ( $c )){
foreach( $c as $d ){
if ( preg_match ( $reg , $d )){ $result .= $host_url . $d . "/n" ; }
}
}
}
return $result ;
}
//获取指定内容中的多媒体文件
function get_content_object ( $str , $split = "|--:**:--|" ){
$regx = "/href/s*=/s*['/"]*([^>'/"/s]+)[/"'>]*/s*(.*?<//b>)/i" ;
preg_match_all ( $regx , $str , $result );
if ( count ( $result ) == 3 ){
$result [ 2 ] = str_replace ( "多媒体： " , "" , $result [ 2 ]);
$result [ 2 ] = str_replace ( " " , "" , $result [ 2 ]);
$result = $result [ 1 ][ 0 ] . $split . $result [ 2 ][ 0 ] . "/n" ;
}
return $result ;
}
?>
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希望本文所述对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。
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