How to implement templates in golang-Golang-php.cn

How to implement templates in golang

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Release： 2023-04-14 10:40:09

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In web development, templates are a very important concept. A template refers to a set of predefined text with placeholders that can be filled with data at runtime and output to generate the final text. The use of templates can separate website design and implementation, allowing developers to focus more on the implementation of business logic, and also facilitates the modification of style and content.

Let’s introduce how to implement templates in golang.

The template system in the Go language is go template, which is a lightweight template engine that can pre-define some text, parse it with specific data when needed, and finally generate HTML fragments.

Go template parsing supports both string form and file reading form, and also supports template inheritance and pipeline filtering. Operations that can be used in templates include flow control statements, variable output, custom functions, etc.

Let’s look at a simple example to show how to use the template engine in golang.

Sample code:

package main

import (
    "html/template"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    // 定义一个字符串，用到了动词 {{.Name}} 这个这个必写的语法
    const tpl = `
        <html>
            <head>
                <title>{{.Title}}</title>
            </head>
            <body>
                <h1>Hello {{.Name}}!</h1>
            </body>
        </html>
    `

    // 定义一个结构体
    type Person struct {
        Name  string
        Title string
    }

    // 定义一个变量用来存放结构体信息
    p := Person{Name: "Alan", Title: "Golang"}

    // 解析模板
    t := template.Must(template.New("html").Parse(tpl))

    // 将结构体信息传入模板，输出结果到标准输出
    if err := t.Execute(os.Stdout, p); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

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In the above code, we define an HTML template, using the verbs {{.Name}} and {{.Title}} as placeholders. Then a structure type Person is defined, which contains two fields, Name and Title, to store data.

Next, we instantiate this structure type as p and call the template.Must() function to parse the template. Finally, we pass the instantiated p into the template and output the output to the console.

The above is the basic method of implementing templates in golang. This method is extremely commonly used in actual development. It can play a good role in realizing diversified page display, data display effects, etc., and improves the development efficiency of golang.

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