How to implement SSH connection using Golang

Golang is a strongly typed, highly concurrency and memory safe programming language that is very suitable for developing network applications. One of them is that you can use Golang to implement SSH connections, which allows users to easily access Linux servers remotely.

This article will introduce how to use Golang to implement SSH connection. We will start by installing the Go language and introduce the dependent libraries and implementation process so that readers can implement SSH connections in their own projects.

1. Install Go language

First, you need to install the latest version of Golang. It is recommended to download the official Golang installation package: https://golang.org/dl/ and install it according to the official instructions. After the installation is complete, you can verify the successful installation by entering the following command from the command line:

$ go version

If the installation is successful, you will see the Golang version number installed on your local computer.

2. Install dependent libraries

Next, we need to install a dependent library named "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh". This library provides functions related to SSH connections, including connecting, executing commands, etc.

Run the following command to install:

$ go get golang.org/x/crypto/ssh

This command will download the dependent library to the directory pointed to by the GOPATH environment variable. If the GOPATH environment variable has not been set, you can enter the following command to set it:

$ export GOPATH=$HOME/go

Here I am writing about the Linux system. If you are using Windows, you can change export to set.

3. Implement SSH connection

After the installation is completed, we can start using this dependent library to implement SSH connection.

The following is a basic SSH connection sample code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
)

func main() {
    sshConfig := &ssh.ClientConfig{
        User: "username",
        Auth: []ssh.AuthMethod{
            ssh.Password("password"),
        },
        HostKeyCallback: ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey(),
    }

    host := "example.com:22"
    client, err := ssh.Dial("tcp", host, sshConfig)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer client.Close()

    session, err := client.NewSession()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer session.Close()

    output, err := session.Output("ls -l")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(output))
}

This program first creates a "ssh.ClientConfig" configuration object, which contains the username and password required to log in to the host. Here, we need to replace the "User" parameter and the "Auth" parameter accordingly so that we can use the correct username and password to connect to the server. Also, since this is a simple example, we will not do host key verification and instead set the "HostKeyCallback" parameter to "ssh.InsecureIgnoreHostKey()".

Next, we use the "ssh.Dial()" function to connect to the remote host through TCP. If the connection is successful, we will close the client connection before the end of the function.

Then, we use the "client.NewSession()" function to create a new terminal session and assign it to a variable named "session". At this time, if we need to execute some commands, we can use the "session.Output()" function. At the end of each new session, we need to close it to ensure there are no resource leaks.

Finally, we output the return result of the "ls -l" command and print it to the console.

Summary

In this article, we introduced the steps to implement SSH connection using Golang. We started by installing Golang, then installed dependent libraries, and finally implemented a simple SSH connection example program.

Although this program is just a simple example, it can be used as a starting point for you to start developing your own SSH application. Let me remind you again that since SSH is a very secure communication protocol, in actual development, best practices should be followed to ensure secure communication between the server and client.

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