How to make requests using HTTPS protocol in Go language

With the improvement of network security awareness, more and more websites are beginning to use the HTTPS protocol for data transmission protection. To be able to better interact with these websites, we need to learn how to make requests using the HTTPS protocol in the Go language.

1. Introduction

HTTPS is an encrypted version of the HTTP protocol, used to protect the security of transmitted data. The HTTPS protocol is based on the TLS/SSL protocol, and its latest version is TLS1.3. Under the HTTPS protocol, the server-side digital certificate can check the client's identity and prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

The standard library of Go language provides net/http package and crypto/tls package to support HTTP and HTTPS protocols, among which crypto/tls package is used to create TLS connections.

2. HTTP request

Use the http.NewRequest function to create an HTTP request in Go language. Provide the request method (GET, POST, PUT, etc.), URL and optional request body.

Example:

    req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://www.example.com", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }

    client := &http.Client{}
    resp, err := client.Do(req)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }

The above code creates a GET request and sends it to the specified URL. We can read the response content through resp.Body. Please note that when using this version of the code we are not taking into account the use of the HTTPS protocol. This issue will be addressed in the next section.

3. HTTPS request

In order to establish an HTTPS connection, we need to use the function in the crypto/tls package.

Example:

    http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).TLSClientConfig = &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true}

    resp, err := http.Get("https://www.example.com")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(string(body))

The variable InsecureSkipVerify is set to true, indicating that we do not verify the identity of the remote server, which is useful for testing purposes. In fact, this option turns on a feature called OCSP Stapling, which is used to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

4. HTTPS client

The crypto/tls package provides its own client type, which we can create and use ourselves to establish HTTPS connections.

Example:

    tr := &http.Transport{
        TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
    }

    client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}

    resp, err := client.Get("https://www.example.com")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()

    body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalln(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(string(body))

5. Conclusion

In this article, we learned how to use the HTTPS protocol to make requests in the Go language. Although we can turn off certificate verification through the InsecureSkipVerify option, in a real production environment, we should follow security best practices and use certificate verification to ensure the security of HTTPS connections.

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