Python processing PDF: Installation and use of PyMuPDF!-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Python processing PDF: Installation and use of PyMuPDF!

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1. Introduction to PyMuPDF

1. Introduction

Before introducing PyMuPDF, let’s first understand MuPDF. As can be seen from the naming form, PyMuPDF is the Python interface form of MuPDF.

MuPDF

MuPDF is a lightweight PDF, XPS and e-book viewer. MuPDF consists of software libraries, command line tools, and viewers for various platforms.

The renderer in MuPDF is tailor-made for high-quality anti-aliased graphics. It renders text with measurements and spacing accurate to within a fraction of a pixel for maximum fidelity in reproducing the appearance of a printed page on the screen.

This observer is small, fast, but complete. It supports multiple document formats such as PDF, XPS, OpenXPS, CBZ, EPUB and FictionBook 2. You can use the mobile viewer to annotate and fill out forms in PDF documents (this feature will soon be available for desktop viewers as well).

The command line tool allows you to annotate, edit, and convert documents to other formats such as HTML, SVG, PDF, and CBZ. You can also write scripts using Javascript to manipulate documents.

PyMuPDF

PyMuPDF (current version 1.18.17) is a Python binding that supports MuPDF (current version 1.18.*).

With PyMuPDF, you can access files with extensions ".pdf", ".xps", ".oxps", ".cbz", ".fb2" or ".epub". In addition, about 10 popular image formats can also be processed like documents: ".png", ".jpg", ".bmp", ".tiff", etc.

2. Functions

For all supported document types:

Decrypt files
Access meta information, links and bookmarks
Render the page in raster format (PNG and other formats) or vector format SVG
Search for text
Extract text and images
Convert to other formats: PDF, (X)HTML, XML, JSON, text
For PDF documents, there are a large number of additional functions: they can be created, merged or split. Pages can be inserted, deleted, rearranged or modified in a variety of ways (including comments and form fields).
Images and fonts can be extracted or inserted
Full support for embedded files
PDF files can be reformatted to support duplex printing, tone separation, apply logos or watermarks
Full support for password protection: decryption, encryption, encryption method selection, permission levels and user/owner password settings
Supports PDF optional content concepts for images, text and drawings
Can access and modify low-level PDF structures
Command line module "python -m fitz..." A multifunctional utility with the following features

Encryption/decryption/optimization
Create subdocument
Document connection
Image/font extraction
Full support for embedded files
Text extraction for saved layouts ( All documents)

New: Layout saving text extraction!

The script fitzcliy.py provides text extraction in different formats via the subcommand "gettext". Particularly interesting is of course layout saving, which generates text as close as possible to the original physical layout, with areas surrounding images, or copies of text in tables and multi-column text.

3. Installation

PyMuPDF can be installed from the source code or from wheels.

For Windows, Linux and Mac OSX platforms, wheels are available in the download section of PyPI. This includes Python 64-bit versions 3.6 through 3.9. There is also a 32-bit version for Windows. Since recently, there have been some issues with the Linux ARM architecture - look for the platform tag manylinux2014_aarch64.

It has no mandatory external dependencies other than the standard library. There are some nice methods only if certain packages are installed:

Pillow: Required when using Pixmap.pil_save() and Pixmap.pil_tobytes()
fontTools : Required when using Document.subset_fonts()
pymupdf-fonts is a good font choice that can be used for text output methods

Use the pip installation command:

pip install PyMuPDF

Import library:

import fitz

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Instructions on naming fitz

Standard Python import of this library The statement is import fitz. There are historical reasons for this:

MuPDF’s original rendering library was called Libart.

After Artifex Software acquired the MuPDF project, the development focus shifted to writing a new modern graphics library called "Fitz". Fitz started as an R&D project to replace the aging Ghostscript graphics library, but became the rendering engine for MuPDF (quoted from Wikipedia).

4. How to use

1. Import the library and check the version

import fitz
print(fitz.__doc__)
PyMuPDF 1.18.16: Python bindings for the MuPDF 1.18.0 library.
Version date: 2021-08-05 00:00:01.
Built for Python 3.8 on linux (64-bit).

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2. Open the document

doc = fitz.open(filename)

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This will create the Document object doc. The filename must be a Python string that already exists.

You can also open a document from memory data, or create a new empty PDF. You can also use documents as context managers.

3. Document methods and properties

##page Number(int)##Document.metadataDocument.get_toc()Document.load_page()

#Methods/properties

Description

Document.page_count

metadata( dict)

##Get the directory ( list)

Read page

示例：

>>> doc.count_page
1
>>> doc.metadata
{'format': 'PDF 1.7',
'title': '',
'author': '',
'subject': '',
'keywords': '',
'creator': '',
'producer': '福昕阅读器PDF打印机 版本 10.0.130.3456',
'creationDate': "D:20210810173328+08'00'",
'modDate': "D:20210810173328+08'00'",
'trapped': '',
'encryption': None}

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4. 获取元数据

PyMuPDF完全支持标准元数据。Document.metadata是一个具有以下键的Python字典。

它适用于所有文档类型，但并非所有条目都始终包含数据。元数据字段为字符串，如果未另行指示，则为无。还要注意的是，并非所有数据都始终包含有意义的数据——即使它们不是一个都没有。另外，搜索公众号Java架构师技术后台回复“面试题”，获取一份惊喜礼包。

Key	Value
producer	producer (producing software)
format	format: ‘PDF-1.4’, ‘EPUB’, etc.
encryption	encryption method used if any
author	author
modDate	date of last modification
keywords	keywords
title	title
creationDate	date of creation
creator	creating application
subject	subject

5. 获取目标大纲

toc = doc.get_toc()

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6. 页面(Page)

页面处理是MuPDF功能的核心。

您可以将页面呈现为光栅或矢量（SVG）图像，可以选择缩放、旋转、移动或剪切页面。
您可以提取多种格式的页面文本和图像，并搜索文本字符串。
对于PDF文档，可以使用更多的方法向页面添加文本或图像。

首先，必须创建一个页面Page。这是Document的一种方法：

page = doc.load_page(pno) # loads page number 'pno' of the document (0-based)
page = doc[pno] # the short form

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这里可以使用任何整数-inf

更高级的方法是将文档用作页面的迭代器：

for page in doc:
 # do something with 'page'
# ... or read backwards
for page in reversed(doc):
 # do something with 'page'
# ... or even use 'slicing'
for page in doc.pages(start, stop, step):
 # do something with 'page'

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接下来，主要介绍Page的常用操作！

a. 检查页面的链接、批注或表单字段

使用某些查看器软件显示文档时，链接显示为==“热点区域”==。如果您在光标显示手形符号时单击，您通常会被带到该热点区域中编码的标记。以下是如何获取所有链接：

# get all links on a page
links = page.get_links()

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links是一个Python字典列表。

还可以作为迭代器使用：

for link in page.links():
 # do something with 'link'

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如果处理PDF文档页面，还可能存在注释（Annot）或表单字段（Widget），每个字段都有自己的迭代器：

for annot in page.annots():
 # do something with 'annot'
for field in page.widgets():
 # do something with 'field'

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b. 呈现页面

此示例创建页面内容的光栅图像：

pix = page.get_pixmap()

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pix是一个Pixmap对象，它（在本例中）包含页面的RGB图像，可用于多种用途。

方法Page.get_pixmap()提供了许多用于控制图像的变体：分辨率、颜色空间（例如，生成灰度图像或具有减色方案的图像）、透明度、旋转、镜像、移位、剪切等。

例如：创建RGBA图像（即，包含alpha通道），指定pix=page.get_pixmap（alpha=True）。

Pixmap包含以下引用的许多方法和属性。其中包括整数宽度、高度（每个像素）和跨距（一个水平图像行的字节数）。属性示例表示表示图像数据的矩形字节区域（Python字节对象）。

还可以使用page.get_svg_image()创建页面的矢量图像。

c. 将页面图像保存到文件中

我们可以简单地将图像存储在PNG文件中：

pix.save("page-%i.png" % page.number)

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d. 提取文本和图像

我们还可以以多种不同的形式和细节级别提取页面的所有文本、图像和其他信息：

text = page.get_text(opt)

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对opt使用以下字符串之一以获取不同的格式：

"text"：（默认）带换行符的纯文本。无格式、无文字位置详细信息、无图像
"blocks"：生成文本块（段落）的列表
"words"：生成单词列表（不包含空格的字符串）
"html"：创建页面的完整视觉版本，包括任何图像。这可以通过internet浏览器显示
"dict"/"json"：与HTML相同的信息级别，但作为Python字典或resp.JSON字符串。
"rawdict"/"rawjson"："dict"/"json"的超级集合。它还提供诸如XML之类的字符详细信息。
"xhtml"：文本信息级别与文本版本相同，但包含图像。
"xml"：不包含图像，但包含每个文本字符的完整位置和字体信息。使用XML模块进行解释。

e. 搜索文本

您可以找到某个文本字符串在页面上的确切位置：

areas = page.search_for("mupdf")

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这将提供一个矩形列表，每个矩形都包含一个字符串“mupdf”（不区分大小写）。您可以使用此信息来突出显示这些区域（仅限PDF）或创建文档的交叉引用。

7. PDF操作

PDF是唯一可以使用PyMuPDF修改的文档类型。其他文件类型是只读的。

但是，您可以将任何文档（包括图像）转换为PDF，然后将所有PyMuPDF功能应用于转换结果,Document.convert_to_pdf()。

Document.save()始终将PDF以其当前（可能已修改）状态存储在磁盘上。

通常，您可以选择是保存到新文件，还是仅将修改附加到现有文件（“增量保存”），这通常要快得多。

下面介绍如何操作PDF文档。

a. 修改、创建、重新排列和删除页面

有几种方法可以操作所谓页面树（描述所有页面的结构）：

PDF:Document.delete_page()和Document.delete_pages()删除页面
Document.copy_page()、Document.fullcopy_page()和Document.move_page()将页面复制或移动到同一文档中的其他位置。
Document.select()将PDF压缩到选定页面，参数是要保留的页码序列。这些整数都必须在0<=i
因此，您可以轻松地使用创建新的PDF：

第一页或最后10页
仅奇数页或偶数页（用于双面打印）
包含或不包含给定文本的页
颠倒页面顺序

保存的新文档将包含仍然有效的链接、注释和书签（i.a.w.指向所选页面或某些外部资源）。
Document.insert_page()和Document.new_page()插入新页面。
此外，页面本身可以通过一系列方法进行修改（例如页面旋转、注释和链接维护、文本和图像插入）。

b. 连接和拆分PDF文档

方法Document.insert_pdf()在不同的pdf文档之间复制页面。下面是一个简单的joiner示例（doc1和doc2在PDF中打开）：

# append complete doc2 to the end of doc1
doc1.insert_pdf(doc2)

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下面是一个拆分doc1的片段。它将创建第一页和最后10页的新文档：

doc2 = fitz.open() # new empty PDF
doc2.insert_pdf(doc1, to_page = 9) # first 10 pages
doc2.insert_pdf(doc1, from_page = len(doc1) - 10) # last 10 pages
doc2.save("first-and-last-10.pdf")

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c. 保存

Document.save()将始终以当前状态保存文档。

您可以通过指定选项incremental=True将更改写回原始PDF。这个过程（通常）非常快，因为更改会附加到原始文件，而不会完全重写它。

d. 关闭

在程序继续运行时，通常需要“关闭”文档以将底层文件的控制权交给操作系统。

这可以通过Document.close()方法实现。除了关闭基础文件外，还将释放与文档关联的缓冲区。

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