A brief analysis of how to set Oracle environment variables

With the rapid development of information technology and the Internet, database management systems play an increasingly important role in the daily work of enterprises and individuals. As one of the major database management systems, Oracle database is widely used. When installing the Oracle database, the setting of environment variables is particularly important. Therefore, this article will introduce how to set Oracle environment variables to help readers better install Oracle database.

Step 1: Download Oracle

First, download the required version of the Oracle installation package from the Oracle official website. Since the Oracle database is commercial software and requires a license to be used, readers need to understand the licensing information in advance and make a purchase.

Step 2: Create the Oracle installation directory

Before installing the Oracle database, you need to create an Oracle installation directory in advance to facilitate subsequent installation operations. It can be created by the following command:

mkdir -p /usr/local/oracle

Here the Oracle installation directory is set to /usr/local/oracle. Of course, you can also choose other directories as Oracle installation manual.

Step 3: Set up Oracle user

In order to ensure the normal progress of subsequent Oracle installation and use, we need to create an Oracle user first and set appropriate permissions. You can create an Oracle user through the following command:

useradd -d /home/oracle -m -s /bin/bash oracle

The -d parameter specifies the home directory of the Oracle user. The -s parameter specifies that the default shell for Oracle users is bash.

Next, use the following command to switch to the Oracle user and prepare for subsequent Oracle installation operations:

su - oracle

Step 4: Set Oracle environment variables

Setting the Oracle environment variables is a key step in installing the Oracle database. Here, we need to set the environment variables:

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/local/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Here, ORACLE_HOME specifies the Oracle installation directory, ORACLE_SID specifies the Oracle instance name orcl, and PATH adds $ORACLE_HOME/bin to the system environment variable PATH to facilitate the use of subsequent Oracle commands.

It should be noted here that the settings of these environment variables must be performed when the Oracle user logs in to ensure that the environment variables take effect. Therefore, every time you log in to the Oracle user, you need to reset the above environment variables.

Step 5: Modify the kernel parameters

When installing the Oracle database, you also need to modify the system kernel parameters to meet the needs of the Oracle database. It can be modified through the following command:

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

Add the following kernel parameters in this file:

Oracle kernel parameters

fs.file-max = 65536
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 2097152
net.core. rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

After saving the modification, use the following command to make the kernel parameters take effect ：

sysctl -p

Step 6: Start installing Oracle

After completing the above steps, you can start installing the Oracle database. During the installation process, you need to make relevant configurations according to the prompts, including database instance name, listener configuration, etc. For specific installation steps, please refer to Oracle's official documentation or related installation guides.

Summary

As a commonly used commercial database, Oracle database has strong application performance for the storage and management of large amounts of data. But when installing Oracle, the setting of environment variables is particularly critical. This article introduces the setting method of Oracle environment variables in detail from many aspects such as creating the Oracle installation directory, setting up the Oracle user, Oracle environment variables, kernel parameter modification, and the Oracle installation process. I believe that after reading this article, readers will be able to better master the installation methods and techniques of Oracle.

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