PHP经典面试题之设计模式(经常遇到)_PHP
设计模式在面试过程中经常会提到,有时候还会让我们举例说明各种设计模式的应用场景。
使用设计模式可以减轻我们的工作量,优化我们的代码。
设计模式非常的多,这里介绍单例模式,工厂模式,组合模式,策略模式4种模式
如果有代码有什么问题或者有更好的方式请告知,谢谢!!!!!
/** * 单例模式 * @author YangYang <1812271619@qq.com> * 可以想成在一次http请求中只产生该类的一个对象(即只new classname一次) * 经典的例子是数据库连接(redis,mongodb,memcache等) * 在一次http请求中我们可能需要对数据库做增删改查多条sql操作 * 但是如果一次http请求中每执行一条sql我们就mysql_connect(),很明显会导致服务器资源的浪费 * 为了节约资源,就可以通过单例模式来实现一次http请求只做一次mysql_connect() * 即将mysql_connect()放在类方法的__construct中,并将__construct方法做成私有, * 这样只能通过getInstance()方法来获得mysql_connect()的资源连接符 * getInstance()方法中判断是否已经存在myql连接符,如果存在就直接返回该连接符 * 否则new classname()即调用了__construct方法执行了mysql_connect()得到了资源连接符,并返回连接符 * 因为现在PHP已不再建议直接使用mysql函数进行数据库操作,而是建议通过PDO进行数据库操作,所以这里写一个简易PDO连接的单例模式 * 这里只是讲解单例原理,数据库的防sql注入等问题不做考虑 * 准备工作 数据库:test 数据表:user 字段:id name 记录:1 CodeAnti * 最终运行结果: 数据表user中id=1这条记录被删除 */ class SinglePDO { private static $_instance = null; private $_pdo; //私有,防止外部直接实例化new SinglePDO(...) private function __construct($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword) { try{ $this->_pdo = new PDO($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword); $this->_pdo->exec('set names utf8'); }catch(PDOException $e){ die("Error:{$e->getMessage()}"); } } //私有,防止克隆 private function __clone(){} //获取连接实例 public static function getInstance($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword) { if(self::$_instance === null) self::$_instance = new self($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword); return self::$_instance; } //执行sql public function execSql($sql) { $result = $this->_pdo->exec($sql); return $result; } } $dsn = "mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test"; $dbUser = "root"; $dbPassword = ""; $sql = "delete from user where id = 1"; $pdo = SinglePDO::getInstance($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword); $result = $pdo->execSql($sql); //$pdo->execSql($sql)多次调用,但仍然是同一个pdo对象 print_r($result);

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