How to instantiate a class in Java

In Java, there are four ways to instantiate a class:

1) Use the new operator

2) Call the newInstance() method of the Class object

3) Call the clone() method to copy the existing instance

4) Deserialize the class through the readObject() method of ObjectInputStream

1.ClassInstance.java

import java.io.*;      class ClassInstance implements Cloneable, Serializable {       private String str = "测试...";       public void fun(){           System.out.println(str);       }       public ClassInstance(String str){           System.out.println("有参类的实例化");           this.str += str;        }       public ClassInstance(){           System.out.println("无参类的实例化");       }       public Object clone(){           return this;       }   }

2.ClassInstanceTest.java

import java.io.*;   import java.lang.reflect.*;      public class ClassInstanceTest{       public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException,              IllegalAccessException, IOException,InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException{           //***种类的实例化方式           ClassInstance ci01 = new ClassInstance("01");           ci01.fun();              //第二种类的实例化方式           ClassInstance ci02 = (ClassInstance) Class.forName("ClassInstance").newInstance();           ci02.fun();              //第三种类的实例化方式           ClassInstance ci03 = (ClassInstance) ci01.clone();           ci03.fun();              //第四种类的实例化方式           FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("ci.tmp");           ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);           oos.writeObject(ci01);           oos.close();           fos.close();                      FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("ci.tmp");           ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);                      ClassInstance ci04  = (ClassInstance) ois.readObject();           ois.close();           fis.close();                      ci04.fun();           System.out.println("--------------------额外测试--------------------");           ClassInstance ci05 = null;           //额外的思考 在第二种类实例化的方式中有没有一种方法实现有参数的构造方式           //获得类的构造信息           Constructor[] ctor = Class.forName("ClassInstance").getDeclaredConstructors();           //找到我们需要的构造方法           for(int i=0;i<ctor.length;i++ ){               Class[] cl = ctor[i].getParameterTypes();               if(cl.length == 1){                   //实例化对象                   ci05 = (ClassInstance) Class.forName("ClassInstance").getConstructor(cl).newInstance(new Object[]{"05"});               }           }           ci05.fun();       }   }

3. Output result

有参类的实例化   测试...01   无参类的实例化   测试...   测试...01   测试...01   -------------------额外测试--------------------   有参类的实例化   测试...05

In addition to these situations where a Java class object can be instantiated, implicit call instantiation also takes advantage of the above centralized situations. . For example, common methods:

public class ClassInstance{   public ClassInstance(){   }       public ClassInstance getInstance(){   return new ClassInstance();   }   }

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