Let's talk about the execution process of Golang

Golang is an efficient and reliable programming language that is widely used in today's program development field. For programmers, understanding the execution process of Golang is very important to understand its principles and better develop applications. This article will introduce the execution process of Golang to help readers better understand the language.

Golang execution process

Golang is a compiled language. The program execution process can be divided into three stages: compilation, linking and execution.

Compilation phase

The compilation phase is to compile the Golang source code into machine-executable code. The compiler converts the Go source code into intermediate language (IR) form (that is, object-oriented 1 code in Golang), performs static analysis and optimization, and finally compiles the IR into machine code.

The compiler will generate an intermediate language code file for each Go source file, and the suffix of these files is .go. Before compiling, you can use the go build command that comes with the Go language to build the source code; or you can manually call the Golang compiler go build to achieve it.

Linking phase

In the linking phase, the compiler compiles multiple object files into executable files (EXE) or shared library files (DLL). The connector will merge multiple symbol tables to solve different code reference problems. The linker also performs address redirection to match symbols of other files

In Golang, the linker is responsible for linking (linking) all intermediate language code files into an executable binary file, that is, a Go program. The go link command that comes with the Go language can be used to link built individual files or packages.

Execution Phase

When the Golang program is executed for the first time, the operating system will read the binary file from the hard disk into memory and load the code into the process address space. All files are loaded into the process address space and become part of the process.

After the process starts executing, it will schedule the CPU time of the process through the operating system. At this time, the program block is allocated to the CPU, and the CPU checks the instructions and executes the program code.

Golang’s execution process is based on hardware operation, such as instruction fetch, instruction decode, execution, and memory access. The execution of Golang is scheduled by the CPU. The CPU records the current instruction address through the program counter (Program Counter or PC register) to control the execution of instructions.

When the Golang program finishes running, it releases the memory used and closes the process.

Summary

Through the above introduction, we can know that the execution process of Golang is carried out in three stages: compilation, linking and execution. Among them, the compiler will compile the Go source code into machine-executable code. The linker links multiple object files into an executable file and redirects addresses to match symbols from other files. When the program executes, the operating system reads the compiled binary file from the hard disk into memory and loads it into the process address space. The CPU scheduler executes instructions in the process address space to achieve the purpose of Golang program operation.

Understanding the Golang execution process can help us understand the language more deeply, allowing programmers to better use and master it during the actual development process.

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