How to use java decorator pattern

1. Instructions for use

(1) The decorator pattern can bring more flexible extension functions than inheritance. It can be obtained by combining different decorator objects using more methods. Diverse results with different behavioral states. The decorator pattern is more scalable than inheritance and perfectly follows the opening and closing principle. Inheritance is a static additional responsibility, while the decorator is a dynamic additional responsibility.

(2) Decorating classes and decorated classes can develop independently without coupling to each other. Decoration mode is an alternative mode to inheritance. Decoration mode can dynamically extend the functions of an implementation class.

2. Example

public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //点一份炒饭
        FastFood food = new FriedRice();
        //花费的价格
        System.out.println(food.getDesc() + " " + food.cost() + "元");
 
        System.out.println("========");
 
        //点一份加鸡蛋的炒饭
        FastFood food1 = new FriedRice();
        food1 = new Egg(food1);
        //花费的价格
        System.out.println(food1.getDesc() + " " + food1.cost() + "元");
 
        System.out.println("========");
 
        //点一份加培根的炒面
        FastFood food2 = new FriedNoodles();
        food2 = new Bacon(food2);
        //花费的价格
        System.out.println(food2.getDesc() + " " + food2.cost() + "元");
    }
}
 
// 快餐抽象类
abstract class FastFood {
    private float price;
    private String desc;
 
    public FastFood() {}
 
    public FastFood(float price, String desc) {
        this.price = price;
        this.desc = desc;
    }
 
    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
 
    public void setPrice(float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
 
    public String getDesc() {
        return desc;
    }
 
    public void setDesc(String desc) {
        this.desc = desc;
    }
 
    // 获取价格
    public abstract float cost();
}
 
// 炒饭
class FriedRice extends FastFood {
    public FriedRice() {
        super(10, "炒饭");
    }
 
    @Override
    public float cost() {
        return getPrice();
    }
}
 
// 炒面
class FriedNoodles extends FastFood {
    public FriedNoodles() {
        super(12, "炒面");
    }
 
    @Override
    public float cost() {
        return getPrice();
    }
}
 
// 配料
abstract class Garnish extends FastFood {
    private FastFood fastFood;
 
    public FastFood getFastFood() {
        return fastFood;
    }
 
    public void setFastFood(FastFood fastFood) {
        this.fastFood = fastFood;
    }
 
    public Garnish(FastFood fastFood, float price, String desc) {
        super(price, desc);
        this.fastFood = fastFood;
    }
}
 
// 鸡蛋配料
class Egg extends Garnish {
    public Egg(FastFood fastFood) {
        super(fastFood, 1, "鸡蛋");
    }
 
    @Override
    public float cost() {
        return getPrice() + getFastFood().getPrice();
    }
 
    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + getFastFood().getDesc();
    }
}
 
//培根配料
class Bacon extends Garnish {
    public Bacon(FastFood fastFood) {
        super(fastFood,2,"培根");
    }
 
    @Override
    public float cost() {
        return getPrice() + getFastFood().getPrice();
    }
 
    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return super.getDesc() + getFastFood().getDesc();
    }
}

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