How to read files in Go language? A brief analysis of various methods

This article will discuss how to read files in Golang. We will use the following packages to process these files.

• os package provides a platform-independent interface to perform operation-level operations.
• IOutil The package provides easy-to-use utility functions for working with files without knowing much about the internal implementation.
• bufio package implements buffered IO, which helps us improve the performance and throughput of input and output operations.
• log package implements a simple logging package. We will use this throughout the program. We will use the Fatal() function of the logging package in our program.

Whole file reading

We can easily read the whole file in one go and store it in a variable. But remember, we shouldn't do this with large files. We will use the ioutil.ReadFile() function to read a file and store the contents of the file in a variable.

First, let's store a file in the same directory as our program. Therefore, our folder structure will look like this.

___ 
| 
|_ _ _ _ ilovego.txt | 
|_ _ _ _ main.go

We write the following in the main.go function:

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
)

func main() {

	content, err := ioutil.ReadFile("ilovego.txt")

	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	fmt.Println(string(content))
}

But first, let’s discuss the ReadFile() function Situation:

• Definition: Method declaration func ReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error)
• Function: The read path is passed into the function parameter file and returns the contents of the file. Internally used os.ReadFile(fileName) method
• Returns: Returns the contents of the file and the error in a byte array. A successful call will return err == nil

The internal ReadFile function is implemented as follows:

func ReadFile(filename string) ([]byte, error) {
    return os.ReadFile(filename)
}

Now, let’s return to our program:

• ioutil.ReadFile("readthisfile.txt") Returns a byteArray and an err. We store the byteArray in the "content" variable and the error in the "err" variable.
• Then we put an if condition, if the err value is not nil, we will use the log.Fatal() function to print the error err. Remember, the Fatal() function is equivalent to the Print() function, which then calls os.Exit(1).
• Finally, we will use the fmt.Println() function to print the contents of the file. We cannot simply print the content variable because it is a byte array and we need to convert it to a string: string(content)

## Then create a new

ilovego.txt file and write the following content:

I Love Golang,
This is One of the Best Languages on the World!

Finally, execute the above code and you can see the following output:

$ go run main.go
I Love Golang, 
This is One of the Best Languages on the World!

Press line Reading

Scanner Scanner provides a convenient interface for reading data, such as a file consisting of newline-delimited lines of text. It reads data through markers; the

Split function defines markers. By default, this function breaks the data into rows and strips the row ends.

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	// "io/ioutil"
	"bufio"
	"log"
	"os"
)

func main() {

	// opening the file using Open function
	f, err := os.Open("ilovego.txt")

	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer f.Close()

	// create a scanner for the file
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)

	// loop through the scanner until it return fasle
	for scanner.Scan() {

		fmt.Println(scanner.Text())
	}

	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
}

• os.Open() Open the file passed in the argument. If any error is encountered while opening the file, it will return the same error. Otherwise, the error will be nil.
We then use a scanner to read the file and scan line by line until the end of the file content.
Finally, we want to close the file.

Execute the program, the results are as follows:

Read word by word

We can also pass Read the file word by word:

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

func main() {

	f, err := os.Open("ilovego.txt")

	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}

	defer f.Close()

	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(f)
	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanWords)

	for scanner.Scan() {

		fmt.Println(scanner.Text())
	}

	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
	}
}

Run the code:

$ go run main.go
I
Love
Golang,
This
is
One
of
the
Best
Languages
on
the
World!

Read the file in chunks

Read the entire file at once It seems like a simple method, but sometimes we need to make our program some optimizations from a memory management perspective. Golang provides a way to read a file in chunks instead of reading it as a whole or even line by line. Because if the size of a row is too large, reading row by row may also be inefficient.

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"os"
)

func main() {

	f, err := os.Open("ilovego.txt")

	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer f.Close()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(f)
	buf := make([]byte, 16)

	for {
                // reading a file upto buffer
		n, err := reader.Read(buf)

		if err != nil {

			if err != io.EOF {

				log.Fatal(err)
			}

			break
		}

		fmt.Print(string(buf[0:n]))
	}

	fmt.Println()
}

Binary reading

hex package implements hexadecimal encoding and decoding.

package main

import (
	"bufio"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"os"
)

func main() {

	f, err := os.Open("sid.jpg")

	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	defer f.Close()

	reader := bufio.NewReader(f)
	buf := make([]byte, 256)

	for {
		_, err := reader.Read(buf)

		if err != nil {
			if err != io.EOF {
				fmt.Println(err)
			}
			break
		}

		fmt.Printf("%s", hex.Dump(buf))
	}
}

总结

本文介绍了 Go 语言读取文件的几种方式，ioutil.ReadFile 函数将整个文件读成一个字符串。这个函数很方便，但不应该用于非常大的文件。希望能对你有所帮助！

推荐学习：Golang教程

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