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PHP之预定义接口详解_PHP

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Release: 2016-05-30 08:46:17
Original
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在PHP中有好几个预定义的接口,比较常用的四个接口(IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)CountableArrayAccessIterator)分别给大家详细介绍下。

IteratorAggregate(聚合式aggregate迭代器Iterator)接口


代码如下:


IteratorAggregate extends Traversable {
 abstract public Traversable getIterator(void)
}

这个接口实现了一个功能——创建外部迭代器,具体怎么理解呢,当我们使用foreach对对象进行便遍历的时候,如果没有继承IteratorAggregate接口,遍历的是对象中所有的public属性(只能是public $var这种形式)。要是继承了IteratorAggregate,会使用类中实现的getIterator方法返回的对象,这里要注意返回的一定要是一个Traversable对象或者扩展自Traversable的对象,否则会抛出异常

 

//看个例子
class My{
 private $_data = [
 'a' => '燕睿涛',
 'b' => 'yanruitao',
 'c' => 'LULU',
 ];
 
 public function getIterator()
 {
 return new ArrayIterator($this->_data);
 }
}
$obj = new My;
foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
 echo "$key => $value\n";
}
//输出结果为空 

class My implements IteratorAggregate {
 private $_data = [
 'a' => '燕睿涛',
 'b' => 'yanruitao',
 'c' => 'LULU',
 ];

 public function getIterator()
 {
 return new ArrayIterator($this->_data);
 }
}
$obj = new My;
foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
 echo "$key => $value\n";
}
//结果:
a => 燕睿涛
b => yanruitao
c => LULU
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Countable接口

代码如下:


Countable {
abstract public int count(void)
}

这个接口用于统计对象的数量,具体怎么理解呢,当我们对一个对象调用count的时候,如果函数没有继承Countable将一直返回1,如果继承了Countable会返回所实现的count方法所返回的数字,看看下面的例子:

class CountMe
{ 
 protected $_myCount = 3; 

 public function count() 
 { 
 return $this->_myCount; 
 } 
} 

$countable = new CountMe(); 
echo count($countable);
//返回1

class CountMe implements Countable
{ 
 protected $_myCount = 3; 

 public function count() 
 { 
 return $this->_myCount; 
 } 
} 

$countable = new CountMe(); 
echo count($countable); 
//返回3


ArrayAccess接口
ArrayAccess {
 abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)
 abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)
 public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)
 public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)
}


class CountMe
{ 
 protected $_myCount = 3; 

 public function count() 
 { 
  return $this->_myCount; 
 } 
} 

$countable = new CountMe(); 
echo count($countable);
//返回1

class CountMe implements Countable
{ 
 protected $_myCount = 3; 

 public function count() 
 { 
  return $this->_myCount; 
 } 
} 

$countable = new CountMe(); 
echo count($countable); 
//返回3

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ArrayAccess接口

代码如下:


ArrayAccess {
abstract public boolean offsetExists(mixed $offset)
abstract public mixed offsetGet(mixed $offset)
public void offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value)
public void offsetUnset(mixed $offset)
}

这个接口的作用是让我们可以像访问数组一样访问对象,这个怎么说好呢,我猜其实就是php在词法分析的时候如果碰到了数组的方式使用对象,就回去对象中查找是否有实现ArrayAccess如果有的话,进行对应的操作(set、unset、isset、get),这样我们就可以在类里面放置一个array,让类实现数组方式的基本操作,下面看个例子:

class myObj
{
 
}
$obj = new myObj;
$obj['name'];
//Fatal error: Cannot use object of type myObj as array in 

class myObj implements ArrayAccess 
{
 public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
 {
  echo "offsetSet : {$offset} => {$value}\n";
 }

 public function offsetExists($offset)
 {
  echo "offsetExists : {$offset}\n";
 }

 public function offsetUnset($offset)
 {
  echo "offsetUnset : {$offset}\n";
 }

 public function offsetGet($offset)
 {
  echo "offsetGet : {$offset}\n";
 }
}
$obj = new myObj;
$obj[1] = '燕睿涛';
isset($obj['name']);
unset($obj['name']);
$obj['yrt'];

//输出结果:
offsetSet : 1 => 燕睿涛
offsetExists : name
offsetUnset : name
offsetGet : yrt

class myObj implements ArrayAccess 
{
 private $_data = [];
 public function offsetSet($offset, $value)
 {
  $this->_data[$offset] = $value;
 }

 public function offsetExists($offset)
 {
  return isset($this->_data[$offset]);
 }

 public function offsetUnset($offset)
 {
  unset($this->_data[$offset]);
 }

 public function offsetGet($offset)
 {
  return $this->_data[$offset];
 }
}

$obj = new myObj;
$obj['yrt'] = '燕睿涛';
var_dump($obj['yrt']);
var_dump(isset($obj['yrt']));
unset($obj['yrt']);
var_dump(isset($obj['yrt']));
var_dump($obj['yrt']);

//输出:
string(9) "燕睿涛"
bool(true)
bool(false)
Notice: Undefined index: yrt //最后一个会报出Notice

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上面的对象只能是基本的数组操作,连遍历都不行,结合之前的IteratorAggregate可以进行foreach:

class myObj implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate
{
private $_data = [];

 public function getIterator()
 {
  return new ArrayIterator($this->_data);
 }

 ......
}
$obj = new myObj;
$obj['yrt'] = '燕睿涛';
$obj[1] = '燕睿涛';
$obj['name'] = '燕睿涛';
$obj['age'] = 23;

foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
 echo "{$key} => {$value}\n";
}
//输出:
yrt => 燕睿涛
1 => 燕睿涛
name => 燕睿涛
age => 23

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Iterator接口:


代码如下:


Iterator extends Traversable {
abstract public mixed current(void)
abstract public scalar key(void)
abstract public void next(void)
abstract public void rewind(void)
abstract public boolean valid(void)
}

可在内部迭代自己的外部迭代器或类的接口,这是官方文档给出的解释,看着还是不好理解,其实我感觉这个接口实现的功能和trratorAggregate(文档:创建外部迭代器接口,接口直接返回一个迭代器)类似,不过这个在类的定义里面自己实现了,看个例子:

class myObj implements Iterator{

 private $_data = [];

 public function __construct(Array $arr)
 {
 $this->_data = $arr;
 }

 public function current()
 {
 return current($this->_data);
 }

 public function key()
 {
 return key($this->_data);
 }

 public function next()
 {
 next($this->_data);
 }

 public function rewind()
 {
 reset($this->_data);
 }

 public function valid()
 {
 return $this->key() !== NULL;
 }
}

$t = [
 'yrt' => '燕睿涛',
 'name' => '燕睿涛',
 false,
 '燕睿涛'
];
$obj = new myObj($t);

foreach ($obj as $key => $value) {
 echo "{$key} => ".var_export($value, true)."\n";
}
//输出:
yrt => '燕睿涛'
name => '燕睿涛'
0 => false
1 => '燕睿涛'
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上面这个参考了鸟哥的一篇文章关于一笔试题(Iterator模式),不过鸟哥的那个判断valid有点瑕疵,当碰到值北来就是false的时候就会截断


总结
说了这么多好像还是没有体会到他们的用处,建议看看Yii2的源码,源码里面大量使用了这些东西,看了之后,你会慢慢觉得“哦~好像还真是挺有用的。。。。”

以上就是本文全部介绍,希望大家喜欢。

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