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How to use JavaScript to implement page switching function

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Release： 2023-04-21 15:18:44

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JavaScript is a programming language that can add interactivity to web pages. In web development, it is a common method to use JavaScript to implement the page switching function, which allows users to switch to different content without refreshing the page and improves user experience. In this article, we will introduce how to use JavaScript to implement page switching functionality.

1. The basic principles of page switching

Before using JavaScript to implement the page switching function, we need to understand the basic principles of page switching. Generally speaking, page switching is divided into two types: single page application (SPA) and multi-page application (MPA). SPA is an application that can complete all functions within one page by dynamically loading data. In SPA, JavaScript usually switches between different pages by changing the URL of the page. MPA, on the other hand, is an application composed of multiple HTML files within a site. Users need to constantly refresh the page to switch between different pages.

2. JavaScript to implement SPA page switching

Since SPA can switch to different pages without refreshing the entire page, here we will introduce how to use JavaScript to implement SPA page switching.

Use the history.pushState() method to change the URL

In SPA, we can use the history.pushState() method to change the URL to achieve page switching. This method changes the browser history without refreshing the entire page. Here is a simple example:

// 监听点击事件
document.getElementById("link").addEventListener("click", function(event){
  // 阻止默认行为
  event.preventDefault();
  // 修改URL
  history.pushState(null, null, "/page2");
});

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In this example, when we click a link on the page, we prevent the default link jump behavior, and then use the history.pushState() method to change the URL. This URL change will not refresh the entire page, but you can return to the previous page using your browser's back and forward buttons.

Listen to the popstate event

After the history.pushState() method changes the URL, we also need to add listening events for the browser's forward and back buttons. This allows users to return to previous pages via the browser's forward button. We can use the popstate event of the window object to achieve this function. The following is an example:

window.addEventListener("popstate", function(event){
  // 检查当前的URL
  if (location.pathname === "/page2") {
    // 加载页面2的内容
    loadPage2();
  } else {
    // 加载页面1的内容
    loadPage1();
  }
});

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In this example, we use the window.addEventListener() method to listen to the browser's popstate event. When the user clicks the browser's forward or back button, we check the current URL and load different content based on the URL.

3. JavaScript to implement MPA page switching

In MPA, we need to use different methods to implement the page switching function. The following is a method to use JavaScript to switch MPA pages:

Use window.location.href to reload the page

In MPA, we can use window.location .href attribute to load a new HTML file. Here is a simple example:

// 监听点击事件
document.getElementById("link").addEventListener("click", function(event){
  // 阻止默认行为
  event.preventDefault();
  // 加载新页面
  window.location.href = "/page2.html";
});

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In this example, when we click a link on the page, we prevent the default link jump behavior and then use the window.location.href property to load a new HTML file. This refreshes the entire page but loads a new HTML file, thus enabling page switching.

Use iframe elements to dynamically load pages

In MPA, we can also use iframe elements to dynamically load new HTML files. This method allows switching to a different HTML file without refreshing the entire page. The following is a simple example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>页面切换</title>
  <script>
    function loadPage2() {
      // 获取iframe元素
      var content = document.getElementById("content");
      // 设置src属性
      content.src = "/page2.html";
    }
  </script>
</head>
<body>
  <!-- 点击按钮，动态加载新页面 -->
  <button onclick="loadPage2()">加载新页面</button>
  <!-- 内嵌一个iframe元素，用于显示新页面 -->
  <iframe id="content" src="/page1.html"></iframe>
</body>
</html>

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In this example, we define a loadPage2() function, which dynamically modifies the src attribute of the iframe element to load a new page. When the user clicks a button on the page, this function is called to load a new HTML file.

Summary:

The above article introduces how to use JavaScript to implement the page switching function, including SPA and MPA. In SPA, you can use the history.pushState() method to change the URL to switch pages. In MPA, you can use the window.location.href attribute or iframe element to dynamically load new HTML files to implement page switching. Either way, JavaScript helps us achieve a better user experience.

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