How to process Chinese text in Golang

GO language (Golang) is an open source programming language developed by Google. It has the advantages of efficiency, simplicity and security, and has gradually become one of the popular languages ​​in the industry. In the process of developing with Golang, processing Chinese text is a very important part.

In this article, we will introduce how to process Chinese text in Golang.

Chinese Character Set

Before we start processing Chinese text, we need to understand the Chinese character set. The Chinese character set includes various symbols such as Chinese characters, punctuation marks, numbers, and letters. In computers, these symbols are stored in bytes. In Golang, we use UTF-8 encoding to represent the Chinese character set.

UTF-8 is an extensible encoding method that can use 1~4 bytes to represent a character, of which Chinese characters use 3 bytes to represent. This encoding method allows Chinese character sets to be stored and transmitted efficiently.

Chinese text processing

In Golang, we can represent text through strings. For Chinese text, we need to do some additional processing on the string.

1. String length

In Golang, we can use the len() function to get the length of the string. However, for Chinese strings, the len() function returns the number of bytes instead of the number of Chinese characters. Therefore, when processing Chinese strings, we need to use the RuneCountInString() function in the unicode/utf8 package to get the number of Chinese characters. Examples are as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    str := "你好，世界！"
    fmt.Println(len(str))                   // 输出 15
    fmt.Println(utf8.RuneCountInString(str)) // 输出 7
}

2. String splitting

When processing Chinese strings, we may need to split according to Chinese characters or Chinese vocabulary. You can use the Split() function in the strings package to split according to the specified delimiter. The example is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    str := "我是中国人，我爱我的祖国。"
    chars := strings.Split(str, "")
    words := strings.Split(str, "，")
    fmt.Println(chars) // 输出 [我 是 中 国 人 ， 我 爱 我 的 祖 国 。]
    fmt.Println(words) // 输出 [我是中国人 我爱我的祖国。]
}

3. String replacement

When processing Chinese strings , we may need to replace some characters or strings in it. You can use the Replace() function in the strings package for replacement. The example is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    str := "我是中国人，我爱我的祖国。"
    newStr := strings.Replace(str, "我", "他", -1)
    fmt.Println(newStr) // 输出 他是中国人，他爱他的祖国。
}

4. String matching

When processing Chinese strings, we may need to search Some characters or strings in it. You can use the Contains() function and Index() function in the strings package to search. The example is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    str := "我是中国人，我爱我的祖国。"
    if strings.Contains(str, "中国") {
        fmt.Println("包含中国")
    }

    index := strings.Index(str, "中国")
    fmt.Println(index) // 输出 3
}

Sort of Chinese text

In Golang, you need to use collate package. The collate package provides Unicode context-aware string comparison functions that can correctly handle the sorting of Chinese text.

Examples are as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sort"
    "unicode/utf8"

    "golang.org/x/text/collate"
    "golang.org/x/text/language"
)

func main() {
    names := []string{"张三", "李四", "王五", "赵六", "钱七"}

    // 创建中文语言环境
    china := language.Chinese

    // 创建排序规则
    collator := collate.New(china)

    // 对姓名进行排序
    sort.Slice(names, func(i, j int) bool {
        return collator.CompareString(names[i], names[j]) < 0
    })

    // 输出排序结果
    fmt.Println(names) // 输出 [张三 李四 钱七 赵六 王五]
}

Summary

This article introduces the relevant knowledge of processing Chinese text in Golang, including character sets, string processing, sorting of Chinese text, etc. . Mastering this knowledge can better process Chinese texts and improve development efficiency.

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