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PHP的文件操作与算法实现的面试题示例_PHP

May 30, 2016 am 08:47 AM
php document algorithm

操作文件

1.使用5种以上的方式获取一个文件的扩展名

要求: dir/upload.image.jpg, 找出.jpg或者jpg

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<&#63;php

/**

 * 五种方式获取指定路径的文件扩展名

 */

  

$str = "dir/upload.image.jpg";

  

function one ($str)

{

  $arr = explode('.', $str);

  $count = count($arr);

    

  return $arr[$count - 1];

}

  

function two ($str)

{

  $len = strlen($str);

    

  for ($i = $len - 1, $name = ''; $str[$i] != '.'; $i --) {

    $name .= $str[$i];

  }

  $name = strrev($name);

    

  return $name;

}

  

function three($str)

{

  $path = pathinfo($str);

    

  return $path['extension'];

  

function four($str)

{

  $arr = explode('.', $str);

    

  return array_pop($arr);

}

  

function five($str)

{

  $start = strrpos($str, '.');

    

  return substr($str, $start + 1);

}

  

echo one($str);

echo "<br>";

  

echo two($str);

echo "<br>";

  

echo three($str);

echo "<br>";

  

echo four($str);

echo "<br>";

  

echo five($str);

echo "<br>";

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2.写一个php函数算出两个文件的相对路径。例如$a="/a/b/c/d/e.php"; $b="/a/b/12/34/c.php",B相对于A的相对路径是什么?

这道题目可以看成是求第一个公共节点的题目,网上流传的代码大部分是错的,考虑不周全,当然我这个也只是用“../”去表示,没用"./"

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<&#63;php

  

/**

 * 求$b相对于$a的相对路径

 * @param string $a

 * @param string $b

 * @return string

 */

function getRelativePath ($a, $b)

{

  $patha = explode('/', $a);

  $pathb = explode('/', $b);

    

  $counta = count($patha) - 1;

  $countb = count($pathb) - 1;

    

  $path = "../";

  if ($countb > $counta) {

    while ($countb > $counta) {

      $path .= "../";

      $countb --;

    }

  }

    

  // 寻找第一个公共结点

  for ($i = $countb - 1; $i >= 0;) {

    if ($patha[$i] != $pathb[$i]) {

      $path .= "../";

      $i --;

    } else { // 判断是否为真正的第一个公共结点,防止出现子目录重名情况

      for ($j = $i - 1, $flag = 1; $j >= 0; $j --) {

        if ($patha[$j] == $pathb[$j]) {

          continue;

        } else {

          $flag = 0;

          break;

        }

      }

        

      if ($flag)

        break;

      else

        $i ++;

    }

  }

    

  for ($i += 1; $i <= $counta; $i ++) {

    $path .= $patha[$i] . "/";

  }

    

  return $path;

}

  

$a = "/a/c/d/e.php";

$b = "/a/c.php";

  

$path = getRelativePath($a, $b);

echo $path;

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算法

1.使用PHP描述冒泡排序和快速排序,对象可以是一个数组

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<&#63;php

  

/**

 * 冒泡排序算法实现(从小到大)

 */

function maopaoSort (&$array)

{

  $count = count($array);

    

  for ($i = 0; $i < $count - 1; $i ++) {

    for ($j = 0; $j < $count - $i - 1; $j ++) {

      if ($array[$j] > $array[$j + 1]) {

        $tmp = $array[$j];

        $array[$j] = $array[$j + 1];

        $array[$j + 1] = $tmp;

      }

    }

  }

}

  

/**

 * 快速排序

 */

function pivotParation (&$array, $start, $end)

{

  $stand = $array[$start];

    

  while ($start < $end) {

    while ($start < $end && $array[$end] >= $stand) {

      $end --;

    }

    if ($start < $end) {

      $array[$start ++] = $array[$end];

    }

      

    while ($start < $end && $array[$start] <= $stand) {

      $start ++;

    }

    if ($start < $end) {

      $array[$end --] = $array[$start];

    }

  }

    

  $array[$start] = $stand;

    

  return $start;

}

  

function quickSort (&$array, $begin, $end)

{

  if ($begin < $end) {

    $pivot = pivotParation($array, $begin, $end);

    quickSort($array, $begin, $pivot - 1);

    quickSort($array, $pivot + 1, $end);

  }

}

  

$arr = array(

    5,

    1,

    3,

    2,

    19,

    11,

    25,

    12,

    100,

    10000,

    12

);

  

// 冒泡排序

maopaoSort($arr);

print_r($arr);

echo "<br>";

  

// 快速排序

$count = count($arr);

quickSort($arr, 0, $count - 1);

print_r($arr);

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2.使用php描述顺序查找和二分查找

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<&#63;php

  

/**

 * 顺序查找

 */

function seqSearch ($arr, $needle)

{

  for ($i = 0, $len = count($arr); $i < $len; $i ++) {

    if ($arr[$i] == $needle) {

      return $i;

    }

  }

  return - 1;

}

  

/**

 * 二分查找

 */

function midSearch ($arr, $start, $end, $needle)

{

  while ($start <= $end) {

    $mid = (int)($start + ($end - $start) / 2); // 防止超出整数表示范围

      

    if ($arr[$mid] == $needle) {

      return $mid;

    } else if ($arr[$mid] > $needle) {

      $end = $mid - 1;

    } else {

      $start = $mid + 1;

    }

  }

    

  return - 1;

}

  

$arr = array(

    1,

    2,

    3,

    4,

    5,

    6,

    7,

    8,

    9,

    10

);

  

$needle = 5;

  

echo seqSearch($arr, $needle);

echo "<br>";

  

echo midSearch($arr, 0, count($arr) - 1, $needle);

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3.写一个二维数组排序算法函数,能够具有通用性,可以调用php内置函数

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/**

 * Description:获取中枢点的位置

 *

 * @param array $array      

 * @param int $left      

 * @param int $right      

 * @param string $field      

 * @return int

 */

function fetchArrayPivot (&$array, $left, $right, $field)

{

  // 基准定义

  $stand = $array[$left];

    

  // 遍历数组

  while ($left < $right) {

    while ($left < $right && $array[$right][$field] >= $stand[$field]) {

      $right --;

    }

    if ($left < $right) {

      $array[$left ++] = $array[$right];

    }

      

    while ($left < $right && $array[$left][$field] <= $stand[$field]) {

      $left ++;

    }

    if ($left < $right) {

      $array[$right --] = $array[$left];

    }

  }

    

  // 获取中枢点位置

  $array[$left] = $stand;

    

  return $left;

}

  

/**

 * Description:快速排序主程序

 *

 * @param array $array      

 * @param int $begin      

 * @param int $end      

 * @param string $field      

 */

function quickSort (&$array, $begin, $end, $field)

{

  // 变量定义

  $pivot = null;

    

  if ($begin < $end) {

    $pivot = fetchArrayPivot($array, $begin, $end, $field);

    quickSort($array, $begin, $pivot - 1, $field);

    quickSort($array, $pivot + 1, $end, $field);

  }

}

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利用快排的思想,增加一个field参数

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