Discuss several ways to handle large numbers in JavaScript

In project development, we often need to deal with big numbers. Although JavaScript will automatically convert larger numbers to scientific notation, this is not what we want. Therefore, in this article, we will discuss several ways to handle large numbers in JavaScript, making it easier for us to handle large numbers in development.

1. Use BigInt

BigInt is one of the new features of ECMAScript 2020. It can handle large numbers that exceed the maximum value of the JavaScript Number type. The maximum range is 2^53 - 1, which exceeds Numbers in this range are automatically converted to scientific notation. Using BigInt makes it easy to handle large numbers.

BigInt can be used as a type alone, or it can be created by adding n after the number. For example:

const bigNumber = 123456789123456789n;

It’s worth mentioning that BigInt is a new data type that requires special handling in all operations in JavaScript. For example, BigInt cannot be operated with the Number type, and the BigInt type needs to be used for operations.

2. Use third-party libraries

In engineering practice, we often use third-party libraries to process large numbers, such as bignumber.js and decimal.js. These libraries provide patterns based on numeric types that break numbers into arrays of arbitrary digits and reassemble them in operations. These libraries provide rich functionality such as support for various decimal places, exponents, formatting and conversion, etc. The following is an example of using the bignumber.js library:

const BigNumber = require('bignumber.js');
const num1 = new BigNumber('123456789123456789');
const num2 = new BigNumber('987654321987654321');
const result = num1.plus(num2);
console.log(result.toString());

In this example, we use the bignumber.js library to perform operations by creating num1 and num2 of the BigNumber type, and finally convert the result into a string form output. This method is a relatively mature way of processing big numbers and is worthy of our use and mastery in actual development.

3. Use the math library

The math library is another way to deal with large numbers. These libraries provide functions for performing advanced mathematical functions such as complex mathematical algorithms, series, and calculus. Among them, the scientific computing library math.js is a popular mathematics library that supports arbitrary precision numeric types. The following is an example of using the math.js library:

const math = require('mathjs');
const num1 = math.bignumber('123456789123456789');
const num2 = math.bignumber('987654321987654321');
const result = math.add(num1, num2);
console.log(result.toString());

In this example, we use the math.js library to perform operations, also by creating num1 and num2 of the bignumber type. This method makes it easy to handle large numbers, while also supporting various decimal places, exponents, formatting and conversion functions.

Summary

In JavaScript project development, we need to deal with a variety of numbers and calculations, and the processing of large numbers will bring us certain troubles. This article introduces three methods of processing large numbers, using BigInt, third-party libraries and mathematical libraries. These methods can handle large numbers well and provide rich functions that can be selected according to actual needs. Choosing a method that suits us can make it easier for us to handle big numbers and solve various numerical calculation problems more efficiently during development.

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