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PHP中返回引用类型的方法_PHP

May 30, 2016 pm 02:59 PM
php

返回引用,在定义和调用的时候 & 都不可以省略。

这是个比较容易混淆的概念,如果不是出于某些特殊的原因,建议还是不要使用。

说他很容易混,是因为 Reference 在 PHP5 中的变化,造成其在 PHP4/PHP5 中表现的行为差异比较大。

举个例子说明:

代码如下:


 
$color = 'YellowGreen';
 
function &getRef() {
    global $color;
    return $color;
}
 
function getCopy() {
    global $color;
    return $color;
}
 
$colorRef = &getRef();
$colorRef = 'Blue';
 
//$colorCopy = getCopy();
//$colorCopy = 'Black';
 
 
var_dump($color);
var_dump($colorRef);
//var_dump($colorCopy);
 

运行一遍上面的代码,差不多就明白了,使用 &getRef() 将把 $colorRef 绑定到 $color 上面,也就是说 $colorRef 和 $color 两个变量是指向同一个值了。当改变其中一个值时,另一个也会跟着变化。

如果 $color 是一个数组,也是一样的,上面的代码在 PHP4/5 的任意版本中,表现行为都是一样的。

当 $color 是一个 Object 的时候,问题就出现了。

PHP4 中 getCopy 仍然会返回一个复制的 Object;&getRef() 返回引用。

PHP5 中就有点另类了,
最新的 PHP5.2,行为和 PHP4 一样,getCopy() 返回复制,&getRef() 返回引用。
但是某些的 PHP5 的版本这里稍微有些不同,比如 PHP5.1.6,表现为 getCopy() 和 &getRef() 都是引用。

这里 getCopy() 和 &getRef() 是两个全局函数,如果放到类里面成为类的 Member functions,那又会是另外一番景象……

PS:返回 References 并不会提高性能,有时候反而降低性能,所以不要想当然的使用这个特性来“优化”程序。

有问题看看手册大部分时候都可以找到答案:

http://cn.php.net/manual/en/language.references.php

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