Method and inheritance in Go language

With the advent of the era of cloud computing and big data, programming languages ​​are also constantly developing and improving. Among them, the Go language has attracted more and more developers with its efficient concurrent programming, excellent network library, and easy-to-learn syntax. In Go language, methods and inheritance are two very important concepts. This article will introduce the relevant knowledge of methods and inheritance in Go language to help readers better understand and apply Go language.

Method

In the Go language, a method refers to a function associated with a type. There is no concept of classes in the Go language, but related types are implemented by defining structures (structs). The functions defined in the structure are methods. Methods can be passed and called, and can accept parameters and return values. The syntax format of the method is as follows:

func (receiver_name Receiver_type) function_name([parameters]) [return_type] {

// Function body

}

Where, receiver_name represents the structure to which the method belongs The name of the type, Receiver_type represents the type of the structure, function_name represents the name of the method, parameters represents the parameter list of the method, and return_type represents the return value type of the method. In the parameter list of the method, receiver is passed in as the first parameter and can be used to call other methods or properties in the structure. In the return value of a method, any legal type can be returned, even a structure type. Here is a simple example:

package main

import "fmt"

type Circle struct {

radius float64

}

func (c Circle) getArea() float64 {

return 3.14 * c.radius * c.radius

}

func main() {

c := Circle{radius: 5}
fmt.Println("Area of circle:", c.getArea())

}

In this example, the structure is defined The body Circle contains a radius of type float64. The getArea method calculates and returns the area of ​​a circle by calling c.getArea(). The resulting output is: Area of ​​circle: 78.5.

Inheritance

Inheritance is an object-oriented programming idea, which means that a subclass inherits the properties and methods of a parent class. In the Go language, inheritance is implemented through composition. Through nested structures, one structure can be nested within another structure to achieve inheritance of properties and methods. Here is an example:

package main

import "fmt"

type Person struct {

Name string
Age  int

}

type Student struct {

Person
Grade int

}

func (p Person) sayHello() {

fmt.Println("Hello, my name is", p.Name, "and I am", p.Age, "years old.")

}

func main() {

s := Student{Person: Person{Name: "Tom", Age: 22}, Grade: 90}
s.sayHello()
fmt.Println("My grade is", s.Grade)

}

In this example, two structures Person and Student are defined. The Student structure nests the Person structure, thereby inheriting the properties and methods in Person. In the main function, first create a Student object s and initialize the members of the Person type using a nested structure. Then, the personal information is output by calling the s.sayHello() method, and the grade information is obtained through s.Grade. The output is: Hello, my name is Tom and I am 22 years old. My grade is 90.

Summary

Methods and inheritance are very important concepts in object-oriented programming. In the Go language, although there is no concept of classes, the implementation of methods and inheritance becomes very concise and easy to understand through structures and nested structures. Mastering the relevant knowledge of methods and inheritance can help developers better utilize the Go language for programming and improve program efficiency and performance.

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