[Summary] Several common Go language request libraries

With the continuous development of Internet technology, the demand for network requests is also increasing. In web development, we often use the network request library to realize the interaction between the client and the server. Go language is an efficient, concise, and concurrent language, so it also brings us many excellent choices in terms of network requests. This article will introduce several common Go language request libraries, and compare and analyze their advantages and disadvantages to help you better choose the appropriate library.

1. net/http

net/http is an HTTP client library provided in the Go language standard library. It supports HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1 and HTTP/ 2 agreement. HTTP client code can be easily written using net/http and supports cookies, gzip compression, TLS, proxies, connection pools and other functions. The following is a simple usage example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    resp, err := http.Get("http://example.com/")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error:", err)
        return
    }
    defer resp.Body.Close()
    fmt.Println(resp.Status)
}

This code implements a simple HTTP GET request and outputs the status code returned by the request. Of course, net/http also supports more HTTP methods, such as POST, PUT, HEAD, etc., as well as more request and response operations.

In addition to basic request and response operations, net/http also provides CookieJar, Transport, Client and other components, allowing us to handle HTTP requests more flexibly. Among them, CookieJar can automatically process cookies, so that we do not need to manually process cookies; Transport can specify the connection pool size, support HTTP connection reuse, and reduce connection delays; Client provides advanced operations, such as request timeout, custom headers, etc.

However, compared with other request libraries, net/http has some limitations. For example, it does not support custom redirect processing, custom storage methods of cookies, etc. In addition, when using net/http to handle HTTPS requests, you need to manually set the TLS configuration, and the TLS configuration is relatively cumbersome.

2. grequests

grequests is a lightweight HTTP client library based on net/http encapsulation, which provides a better API interface and better performance. grequests supports conventional HTTP methods, such as GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, etc., and supports asynchronous requests and batch requests. The following is an example of using grequests to make asynchronous requests:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/levigross/grequests"
)

func main() {
    urls := []string{
        "http://httpbin.org/get?show_env=1",
        "http://httpbin.org/get",
    }
    rs := make([]*grequests.Response, len(urls))
    for i, url := range urls {
        rs[i], _ = grequests.AsyncGet(url, nil)
    }
    for _, r := range rs {
        fmt.Println(r.String())
        fmt.Println("=================")
    }
}

This code implements two asynchronous GET requests and outputs the results of the requests. As you can see, the program does not block before the request is completed, but continues to execute the next line of code. Only after the request is completed does the program output the result.

Although grequests is more flexible and easier to use than net/http, it also has some limitations. For example, it does not support HTTP connection pooling and connection reuse functions, and its response processing method is relatively simple and does not support more advanced response operations.

3. resty

resty is an HTTP client library that pays more attention to flexibility and ease of use. It provides a jQuery-like API interface and supports simple HTTP methods. , timeout, automatic retry and other functions. resty supports chain syntax, which can easily combine HTTP requests. It also supports gzip compression, automatic response parsing and other functions. The following is an example of using resty:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/go-resty/resty/v2"
)

func main() {
    resp, err := resty.New().
        SetTimeout(5*time.Second).
        R().
        Get("http://example.com/")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error:", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(resp.Status())
}

This code uses resty to make a simple HTTP GET request and outputs the status code returned by the request. As you can see, using resty is much simpler than using net/http, and it also supports more functions.

However, resty, as a powerful request library, also has some problems of its own. For example, it does not support asynchronous requests and has some debugging performance issues.

4. go-http-client

go-http-client is an efficient, easy-to-use, and scalable HTTP client library based on net/http. It supports resty-like chain syntax, and also supports HTTP methods, headers, cookies, timeouts, connection pools and other functions. At the same time, it also supports rich request and response processing methods, such as encoding and decoding, retry, redirection, custom error handling and other functions in JSON, XML, FormData and other formats. The following is an example of using go-http-client:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/cosiner/flag"
    "github.com/cosiner/go-http-client"
)

func main() {
    client := http.NewClient(nil)
    resp, err := client.Get("http://example.com/", nil)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error:", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(resp.StatusCode(), resp.String())
}

This code uses go-http-client to make a simple HTTP GET request and outputs the status code and response data returned by the request. As you can see, go-http-client is a very easy-to-use, flexible and feature-rich request library.

Summary

The choice of Go language request library mainly needs to be decided based on actual needs. If you just implement simple HTTP requests, then net/http is enough; if you need to implement asynchronous requests or batch requests, then grequests can be considered; if you need more advanced functions or better ease of use, then resty or go- http-client can be used as a better choice. At the same time, you can also decide which library to use based on personal preferences and project needs.

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