Let's talk about the syntax and usage of Golang document comments

Golang is an open source, efficient, concurrent, statically typed programming language. Like other languages, Golang's documentation comments are also very important, because they can not only serve as documentation for the code, but can also be used to generate API documentation. This article will introduce the syntax and usage of Golang document comments.

Golang document comment syntax

Golang’s document comments use a comment syntax similar to Java document comments. Comments need to be placed before declaration statements such as functions, structures, interfaces, constants, variables, etc. to explain their uses and characteristics. The comment syntax is as follows:

// 一行注释

/*
多行注释
*/

For declaration statements such as functions, structures, interfaces, constants, variables, etc., there is a special mark before the comment, called the "document comment mark". Document comment tags consist of one or more words starting with "@", each word represents a comment item. Normally, at least the two annotations @param and "@return" need to be used.

How to use Golang document comments

The use of Golang document comments is implemented through the godoc tool. godoc is a Golang built-in documentation tool that can help users generate documents in HTML format. By default, godoc will start an HTTP server locally and the listening port is 6060. Users can view the documentation by accessing http://localhost:6060.

Using documentation comment tags in comments is the key to generating documentation. The following are commonly used document comment tags:

• @param: used to describe the incoming parameters of the function. What follows @param is the parameter name and parameter description, for example:

  // Add adds two numbers a and b, and returns the result.
  func Add(a int, b int) int {}

• @return: used to describe the return value of the function. What follows @return is the type and description of the return value, for example:

  // Add adds two numbers a and b, and returns the result.
  // The result is the sum of a and b.
  func Add(a int, b int) int {}

• @throws: Used to describe the exceptions that may be thrown by the function. Following @throws is the type and description of the exception, for example:

  // OpenFile opens the file specified by filename.
  // If an error occurs, it returns an error of type os.PathError.
  func OpenFile(filename string) (file *File, err error) {}

The above documentation comments Tags can be used in combination, for example:

// Connect connects to the given address and returns an HTTP client.
// It takes a timeout parameter, which specifies the maximum amount
// of time the client is willing to wait for a response.
// If the timeout is exceeded, it returns an error of type net.Error.
func Connect(address string, timeout time.Duration) (*http.Client, error) {}

When using the godoc tool, you need to specify the package and file to generate documentation. The command syntax is:

godoc <包名/文件名>

For example:

godoc fmt        // 生成fmt包文档
godoc fmt.Println    // 生成fmt.Println函数文档
godoc main.go      // 生成main.go文件的文档

Golang document comment suggestions

When using Golang document comments, the following are several suggestions:

• Comments should be clear, concise, and easy to understand;
• A line of comments should not exceed 80 characters;
• Comments should be placed before the statement to be commented;
• Each Declaration statements such as functions, structures, interfaces, constants, variables, etc. should all have comments;
• Use documentation comment markers to describe function parameters, return values, and exceptions.

In short, Golang document comments can improve the readability and maintainability of the code, and are also an important aspect of writing high-quality code. It is recommended that programmers should carefully write comments while writing code to facilitate themselves and others to better understand and use the code.

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