How to implement binary tree in Python-Python Tutorial-php.cn

Python implements a binary tree

How to implement binary tree in Python

Python can implement a binary tree using object-oriented programming by defining a binary tree node class. Each node contains a data element, left and right child node pointers and some operation methods, such as inserting nodes, finding nodes, deleting nodes, etc.

The following is a simple binary tree implementation example:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

    def insert(self, data):
        if self.data:
            if data < self.data:
                if self.left is None:
                    self.left = Node(data)
                else:
                    self.left.insert(data)
            elif data > self.data:
                if self.right is None:
                    self.right = Node(data)
                else:
                    self.right.insert(data)
        else:
            self.data = data

    def find(self, data):
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                return str(data) + " Not Found"
            return self.left.find(data)
        elif data > self.data:
            if self.right is None:
                return str(data) + " Not Found"
            return self.right.find(data)
        else:
            return str(self.data) + " is found"

    def inorder_traversal(self, root):
        res = []
        if root:
            res = self.inorder_traversal(root.left)
            res.append(root.data)
            res = res + self.inorder_traversal(root.right)
        return res

Copy after login

In the above code, the Node class defines a node, including the data element data, and the left and right child node pointers left and right. The insert method is used to insert nodes into a binary tree, the find method is used to find whether a specific node exists in the binary tree, and the inorder_traversal method is used to perform in-order traversal of the binary tree.

The following is how to use this Node class to create a binary tree:

root = Node(50)
root.insert(30)
root.insert(20)
root.insert(40)
root.insert(70)
root.insert(60)
root.insert(80)

# 查找节点

print(root.find(70)) # Output: 70 is found
print(root.find(90)) # Output: 90 Not Found

# 中序遍历
print(root.inorder_traversal(root)) # Output: [20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80]

Copy after login

In the above code, a root node root is first created, then the insert method is used to insert a node into the tree, and finally using The find method finds nodes and uses the inorder_traversal method to perform in-order traversal of the binary tree.

In addition to insertion, search and traversal methods, binary trees also have other operation methods, such as deleting nodes, determining whether it is a binary search tree, calculating the depth of the tree, etc. The following is a slightly more complete binary tree sample code:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

    def insert(self, data):
        if self.data:
            if data < self.data:
                if self.left is None:
                    self.left = Node(data)
                else:
                    self.left.insert(data)
            elif data > self.data:
                if self.right is None:
                    self.right = Node(data)
                else:
                    self.right.insert(data)
        else:
            self.data = data

    def find(self, data):
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                return None
            return self.left.find(data)
        elif data > self.data:
            if self.right is None:
                return None
            return self.right.find(data)
        else:
            return self

    def delete(self, data):
        if self is None:
            return self

        if data < self.data:
            self.left = self.left.delete(data)
        elif data > self.data:
            self.right = self.right.delete(data)
        else:
            if self.left is None:
                temp = self.right
                self = None
                return temp
            elif self.right is None:
                temp = self.left
                self = None
                return temp
            temp = self.right.minimum()
            self.data = temp.data
            self.right = self.right.delete(temp.data)
        return self

    def minimum(self):
        if self.left is None:
            return self
        return self.left.minimum()

    def is_bst(self):
        if self.left:
            if self.left.data > self.data or not self.left.is_bst():
                return False

        if self.right:
            if self.right.data < self.data or not self.right.is_bst():
                return False

        return True

    def height(self, node):
        if node is None:
            return 0

        left_height = self.height(node.left)
        right_height = self.height(node.right)

        return max(left_height, right_height) + 1

    def inorder_traversal(self, root):
        res = []
        if root:
            res = self.inorder_traversal(root.left)
            res.append(root.data)
            res = res + self.inorder_traversal(root.right)
        return res

Copy after login

In this example, we have added the delete method to delete the specified node; the minimum method to find the smallest node in the tree; the is_bst method to determine the current Whether the tree is a binary search tree; the height method is used to calculate the depth of the tree.

We can use the following code to test the new method:

# 创建二叉树
root = Node(50)
root.insert(30)
root.insert(20)
root.insert(40)
root.insert(70)
root.insert(60)
root.insert(80)

# 删除节点
print("Deleting node 20:")
root.delete(20)
print(root.inorder_traversal(root))

# 判断是否为二叉搜索树
print("Is it a BST?:", root.is_bst())

# 计算树的深度
print("Tree height:", root.height(root))

Copy after login

In this way we have completed a relatively complete binary tree implementation, and also demonstrated how to use object-oriented programming in Python ideas to implement a data structure.

Finally, the complete binary tree class implementation code is attached:

class Node:
    def __init__(self, data):
        self.data = data
        self.left = None
        self.right = None

    def insert(self, data):
        if self.data:
            if data < self.data:
                if self.left is None:
                    self.left = Node(data)
                else:
                    self.left.insert(data)
            elif data > self.data:
                if self.right is None:
                    self.right = Node(data)
                else:
                    self.right.insert(data)
        else:
            self.data = data

    def find(self, data):
        if data < self.data:
            if self.left is None:
                return None
            return self.left.find(data)
        elif data > self.data:
            if self.right is None:
                return None
            return self.right.find(data)
        else:
            return self

    def delete(self, data):
        if self is None:
            return self

        if data < self.data:
            self.left = self.left.delete(data)
        elif data > self.data:
            self.right = self.right.delete(data)
        else:
            if self.left is None:
                temp = self.right
                self = None
                return temp
            elif self.right is None:
                temp = self.left
                self = None
                return temp
            temp = self.right.minimum()
            self.data = temp.data
            self.right = self.right.delete(temp.data)
        return self

    def minimum(self):
        if self.left is None:
            return self
        return self.left.minimum()

    def is_bst(self):
        if self.left:
            if self.left.data > self.data or not self.left.is_bst():
                return False

        if self.right:
            if self.right.data < self.data or not self.right.is_bst():
                return False

        return True

    def height(self, node):
        if node is None:
            return 0

        left_height = self.height(node.left)
        right_height = self.height(node.right)

        return max(left_height, right_height) + 1

    def inorder_traversal(self, root):
        res = []
        if root:
            res = self.inorder_traversal(root.left)
            res.append(root.data)
            res = res + self.inorder_traversal(root.right)
        return res

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建二叉树
    root = Node(50)
    root.insert(30)
    root.insert(20)
    root.insert(40)
    root.insert(70)
    root.insert(60)
    root.insert(80)

    # 删除节点
    print("Deleting node 20:")
    root.delete(20)
    print(root.inorder_traversal(root))

    # 判断是否为二叉搜索树
    print("Is it a BST?:", root.is_bst())

    # 计算树的深度
    print("Tree height:", root.height(root))

Copy after login

After running the code, you can get the following output:

Deleting node 20 :
[30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80]
Is it a BST?: True
Tree height: 3

This example includes insertion and search , delete, traverse, determine whether it is a binary search tree and calculate the depth of the tree, etc.

The above is the detailed content of How to implement binary tree in Python. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!