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How to implement buffered input and output streams in Java

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Release: 2023-05-03 18:40:14
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缓冲是 I/O 的一种性能优化。缓冲流为 I/O 流增加了内存缓冲区。

BufferedInputStream类 与 BufferedOutputStream类

BufferedInputStream类 可以对所有InputStream的子类进行缓冲区的包装,以达到性能的优化。

BufferedOutputStream类 中的 flush()方法 被用来把缓冲区的字节写入到文件中,并清空缓存。

BufferedInputStream类的构造方法:

构造方法 介绍
BufferedInputStream(FileInputStream fileInputStream); 创建一个带有32个字节的缓冲输入流。
BufferedInputStream(FileInputStream fileInputStream , int size); 按指定的大小来创建缓冲输入流。

BufferedOutputStream类的构造方法:

构造方法 介绍
BufferedOutputStream(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream); 创建一个带有32个字节的缓冲输出流。
BufferedOutputStream(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream , int size); 按指定的大小来创建缓冲输出流。

BufferedInputStream类 与 BufferedOutputStream类 实例:

import java.io.*;
 
public class Demo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         * 缓冲字节输入流(BufferedInputStream)
         * 特点:提高效率
         */
        File file = new File("C:\\JAVA_API_1.7中文.chm");
        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = null;//创建缓冲字节流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
        long stare = System.currentTimeMillis();//获得当前流开始时的毫秒值
        try {
            fileInputStream=new FileInputStream(file);
            bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);//将文件字节流包装成缓冲字节流
            byte by[] = new byte[1024];//缓冲区字节数组(这个缓冲区与Buffered不同)
            while ((bufferedInputStream.read(by))!=-1){//使用缓冲字节流读取数据
 
            }
            long end = System.currentTimeMillis();//获得当前流结束时的毫秒值
            System.out.println("运行经历的毫秒数:"+(end - stare));
 
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fileInputStream!=null){
                try {
                    fileInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bufferedInputStream!=null){
                try {
                    bufferedInputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        
        
        /**
         * 缓冲字节输出流(BufferedOutputStream)
         * 特点:提高效率
         */
        File file1 = new File("C:\\Word.txt");
        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = null;//创建缓冲字节输出流
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        try {
            fileOutputStream=new FileOutputStream(file1);
            bufferedOutputStream=new BufferedOutputStream(fileOutputStream);//将文件输出流包装到缓冲字节输出流
 
            String str = "深山踏红叶,耳畔闻鹭鸣。";
            byte by[] = str.getBytes();
            bufferedOutputStream.write(by);
            //<*> 使用缓冲字节输出流时,要多进行刷新操作,避免等待,有数据时就将数据写入文件当中 <*>
            bufferedOutputStream.flush();//刷新(强制将缓冲区数据写入文件中,即使缓冲区没有写满)
 
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fileOutputStream!=null){
                try {
                    fileOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bufferedOutputStream!=null){
                try {
                    bufferedOutputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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BufferedReader类 与 BufferedWriter类

BufferedReader类 与 BufferedWriter类 分别继承了 Reader类 与 Writer类,这两个类同样具有内部缓冲机制,并以行为单位输入/输出。

BufferedReader类常用方法:

How to implement buffered input and output streams in Java

BufferedWriter类常用方法:

How to implement buffered input and output streams in Java

BufferedReader类 与 BufferedWriter类 实例:

import java.io.*;
 
public class Demo6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File file = new File("C:\\Word.txt");
 
        /**
         * 文件缓冲字符输出流(BufferedWriter)
         */
        FileWriter fileWriter = null;//创建文件字符输出流
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null;//创建文件缓冲字符输出流
 
        try {
            fileWriter = new FileWriter(file);
            bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);//将文件字符输出流包装成文件缓冲字符输出流
 
            String str1 = "神里";
            String str2 = "绫华";
 
            bufferedWriter.write(str1);//第一行数据
            bufferedWriter.newLine();//创建一个新行
            bufferedWriter.write(str2);//第二行数据
 
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {//<*> 注意:流的关闭顺序,先创建的后关闭。 <*>
            if (bufferedWriter!=null){
                try {
                    bufferedWriter.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fileWriter!=null){
                try {
                    fileWriter.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
 
 
        /**
         * 文件缓冲字符输入流(BufferedReader)
         */
        FileReader fileReader = null;
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = null;
        try {
            fileReader = new FileReader(file);
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);//将文件字符输入流包装成文件缓冲字符输入流
            String tmp = null;//临时变量
            int i = 1;//计数器
            while ((tmp = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){//循环读取文件中的内容
                System.out.println("第"+i+"行:"+tmp);
                i++;
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bufferedReader!=null){
                try {
                    bufferedReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fileReader!=null){
                try {
                    fileReader.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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