Why does php appear garbled?

PHP is a commonly used server-side programming language that occupies an important position in Web development. However, beginners often encounter a common problem - PHP files will appear garbled. This situation usually occurs when using Chinese characters, which is very confusing and headache. In this article, we will explore the reasons for garbled characters in PHP and how to solve this problem.

1. Reasons for garbled characters in PHP

1. Encoding problem

Garbled characters are caused by character encoding problems. When the encoding method of the PHP file is inconsistent with the actual encoding method used, garbled characters will appear. For example, if a PHP file is encoded in UTF-8 and opened using GB2312 encoding, garbled characters will appear.

2. Database storage issues

When we store Chinese in the database, if the character set of the database does not correspond, garbled characters may appear. We need to set the correct character set when creating the database, such as utf8.

3. Output problem

In PHP, functions such as echo and print are often used to output content. If Chinese is output directly, garbled characters may appear. This is because by default, PHP's output character set is ISO-8859-1, and Chinese characters cannot be parsed correctly, so garbled characters will appear. We need to set the output character set to UTF-8 to display Chinese correctly.

2. Methods to solve the problem of garbled characters in PHP

1. Editor settings

When we create a PHP file, we need to set the encoding method of the file is UTF-8, taking the Chinese encoding of the console as an example, the encoding of the opened file must match the system encoding; in phpstorm, set the project encoding and The default encoding is UTF-8. This can effectively avoid encoding problems in the PHP file itself.

2. Database settings

When PHP connects to the database, you need to set the correct character set for the link. We can set it through the mysqli_set_charset() or PDO::exec() function, for example:

$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "my_db");

mysqli_set_charset($link, "utf8");

or

$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=my_db', 'my_user', 'my_password ');

$pdo->exec('set names utf8');

This ensures character set matching between PHP and the database.

3. Output settings

When outputting, we can use PHP's header function to set the Content-Type to text/html; charset=utf-8 to inform the browser The character set that the browser needs to parse.

header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');

In addition, when using echo to output content, we can first convert the content to UTF- 8 format, for example:

echo iconv('GBK', 'UTF-8', 'Output Chinese string');

For long character set conversion, it is recommended to use the mbstring PHP extension mb_convert_encoding() function in .

Summary: Garbled characters in PHP are mostly related to the character set settings. In order to avoid this situation from happening, we should remember to set the correct character set during the development process to avoid garbled characters caused by character set mismatch.

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