Home Web Front-end Front-end Q&A Value transfer and methods of vue sibling components

Value transfer and methods of vue sibling components

May 06, 2023 pm 12:41 PM

前言

Vue 是一个非常流行的前端框架,它提供了很多方便的方法和 API,使得我们在开发过程中可以更加灵活和高效。其中,组件是 Vue 最为重要的概念之一,也是我们在实际开发中最为常用的部分。在组件中,兄弟组件之间的传值和方法调用是一个经常涉及到的问题。那么,本文将会介绍一些 Vue 中兄弟组件传值和方法调用的方法和技巧。

一、props / $emit

在 Vue 中,父组件向子组件传值,我们可以通过 props 的方式进行传递。而子组件向父组件传值,则可以通过 $emit 方法进行传递。那么在兄弟组件之间,我们可以通过这两种方式实现传值。具体实现方法如下:

1.1 props

通过 props 传值,需要在父组件中通过 v-bind 绑定属性,并且在子组件中通过 props 接收父组件传递的值。代码如下:



<script><br> import child from './child.vue'<br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">data () { return { msg: 'Hello World!' } }, components: { child }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>



<script><br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">props: ['message']</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>

在上面的代码中,父组件中通过 v-bind 绑定属性 message 并传递给子组件。子组件通过 props 接收 message,并且在模板中显示出来。

1.2 $emit

通过 $emit 传值,需要在子组件中通过 $emit 方法触发父组件的事件,并且将数值传递给父组件。在父组件中,需要通过 v-on 绑定事件,并且在事件处理函数中接收子组件传递的数值。代码如下:



<script><br> import child from './child.vue'<br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">data () { return { data: '' } }, components: { child }, methods: { handleEvent (msg) { this.data = msg } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>



<script><br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">methods: { sendMsg () { this.$emit('my-event', 'Hello World!') } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>

在上面的代码中,子组件中通过 $emit 方法触发名称为 my-event 的事件,并将数值 'Hello World!' 传递给父组件。父组件中通过 v-on 绑定事件 my-event,并且将事件处理函数指定为 handleEvent。在这个事件处理函数中,我们将传递的数值赋值给了父组件的 data 属性。

二、$parent / $children

在 Vue 组件中,可以使用 $parent 和 $children 访问当前组件的父组件和子组件。通过这两个属性,我们可以在兄弟组件之间实现数据和方法的传递。具体实现方法如下:

2.1 $parent

通过 $parent 属性可以访问到当前组件的父组件。在父组件中,我们可以将需要传递的数据或者方法挂载在其实例上,并且在子组件中通过 $parent 访问到这些数据或方法。代码如下:



<script><br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">data () { return { message: 'Hello World!' } }, methods: { showMessage () { console.log(this.message) } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>



<script><br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">methods: { handleClick () { this.$parent.showMessage() } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>

在上面的代码中,父组件通过 data 定义了一个 message 数据,同时也定义了一个 showMessage 方法。在子组件中,通过 $parent 访问到父组件中的 showMessage 方法,并在点击按钮时进行调用。

2.2 $children

通过 $children 属性可以访问到当前组件的子组件。同样的,在子组件中,我们可以将需要传递的数据或方法挂载在其实例上,并且在父组件中通过 $children 访问到这些数据或方法。代码如下:



<script><br> import child from './child.vue'<br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">components: { child }, methods: { callChild () { this.$children[0].showMessage() } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>



<script><br> export default {</p> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">methods: { showMessage () { console.log('Hello World!') } }</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>}<br></script>

在上面的代码中,子组件通过定义 showMessage 方法,并将其挂载在实例上。在父组件中,通过 $children 访问到子组件实例,并调用其 showMessage 方法。

结论

通过本文的介绍,我们了解了 Vue 中兄弟组件传值和方法调用的几种方法。在实际开发中,在选择使用哪种方法时,需要根据场景和需求灵活应用。希望本文可以对大家在 Vue 组件传值方面的理解和开发实践有所帮助。

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