Home Database Mysql Tutorial MySQL中VARCHAR与CHAR格式数据的区别_MySQL

MySQL中VARCHAR与CHAR格式数据的区别_MySQL

May 30, 2016 pm 05:11 PM
char mysql varchar

区别

CHAR与VARCHAR类型类似,但它们保存和检索的方式不同。CHAR有固定的长度,而VARCHAR属于可变长的字符类型。它们最大长度和是否尾部空格被保留等方面也不同。在存储和检索过程中不进行大小写转换。

下面的表格显示了将各种字符串值保存到CHAR(4)和VARCHAR(4)列后的结果,说明了CHAR和VARCHAR之间的差别:

值 CHAR(4) 存储需求 VARCHAR(4) 存储需求
'' ' ' 4个字节 '' 1个字节
'ab' 'ab ' 4个字节 'ab' 3个字节
'abcd' 'abcd' 4个字节 'abcd' 5个字节
'abcdefgh' 'abcd' 4个字节 'abcd' 5个字节

从上面可以看得出来CHAR的长度是固定的,不管你存储的数据是多少他都会都固定的长度。而VARCHAR则处可变长度但他要在总长度上加1字节,这个用来存储字符长度(如果声明的长度超过255,则使用2个字节)。所以实际应用中用户可以根据自己的数据类型来做。

请注意,上表中最后一行的值只适用不使用严格模式时;如果MySQL运行在严格模式,超过列长度的值不被保存,并且会出现错误。

从CHAR(4)和VARCHAR(4)列检索的值并不总是相同,因为检索时从CHAR列删除了尾部的空格。通过下面的例子说明差别:

mysql> CREATE TABLE test(a VARCHAR(4), b CHAR(4));

mysql> INSERT INTO test VALUES ('ab ', 'ab ');

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(a, '+'), CONCAT(b, '+') FROM test;

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结果如下:

CONCAT(a, '+') CONCAT(b, '+')
ab + ab+

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从上面可以看出来,由于某种原因CHAR有固定长度,所以在处理速度上要比VARCHAR快很多,但是相对浪费存储空间,所以对存储不大,但在速度上有要求的可以使用CHAR类型,反之可以用VARCHAR类型来实现。

建议

MyISAM存储引擎 建议使用固定长度,数据列代替可变长度的数据列
INNODB 存储引擎 建议使用VARCHAR类型

总结分析:

文字字段若长度固定,如:身分证号码,就不要用 varchar 或 nvarchar,应该用 char 或 nchar。
支持多语言的站点应考虑使用 Unicode nchar 或 nvarchar 数据类型以尽量减少字符转换问题
文字字段若长度不固定,如:地址,则该用 varchar 或 nvarchar。除了可节省存储空间外,存取硬盘时也会较有效率

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