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PHP string case conversion

May 06, 2023 pm 09:19 PM

在PHP的字符串操作中,有时候我们需要把字符串的大小写转换,以满足一些特定的需求。如,将字符串转换成全小写或全大写格式,或者只需要首字母大写,其他字符小写等等。在这篇文章中,我们将会介绍在PHP中如何实现字符串大小写转换。

  1. PHP字符串大小写函数

PHP中提供了很多字符串大小写转换函数,这些函数可以根据需要转换字符串的大小写形式,下面介绍几个常用的函数。

1.1 strtolower()

该函数可以将字符串转换成全小写格式。例如:

$str = "Hello World!";
echo strtolower($str); // 输出"hello world!"
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1.2 strtoupper()

该函数可以将字符串转换成全大写格式。例如:

$str = "Hello World!";
echo strtoupper($str); // 输出"HELLO WORLD!"
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1.3 ucfirst()

该函数可以将字符串的首字母转换成大写格式。例如:

$str = "hello world!";
echo ucfirst($str); // 输出"Hello world!"
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1.4 ucwords()

该函数可以将字符串中每个单词的首字母转换成大写格式。例如:

$str = "hello world!";
echo ucwords($str); // 输出"Hello World!"
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2.手动实现PHP字符串大小写转换

在了解了常用的大小写转换函数之后,我们可以通过手动实现字符串大小写转换,以满足一些特定的需求。下面介绍几种手动实现的方法。

2.1 计算ASCII值

ASCII码是每个字符分配一个唯一的标识符的标准,其中小写字母的ASCII值大于大写字母的ASCII值,根据这个规律,可以通过计算ASCII值来实现字符串大小写转换。例如:

$str = "Hello World!";
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++) {
    $ascii = ord($str[$i]); //获取字母的ASCII值
    if ($ascii >= 97 && $ascii <= 122) { //判断是否小写字母
        $ascii -= 32; //转换成大写字母的ASCII值
    } elseif ($ascii >= 65 && $ascii <= 90) { //判断是否大写字母
        $ascii += 32; //转换成小写字母的ASCII值
    }
    echo chr($ascii); //输出转换后的字母
}
//输出 "hELLO wORLD!"
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2.2 使用正则表达式

通过使用正则表达式,可以很方便地实现字符串的大小写转换。例如:

$str = "Hello World!";
echo preg_replace('/([a-zA-Z]+)/e', "strtolower('\\0')", $str); // 输出"hello world!"
echo preg_replace('/([a-zA-Z]+)/e', "strtoupper('\\0')", $str); // 输出"HELLO WORLD!"
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preg_replace()函数用于通过正则表达式进行字符串匹配和替换。其中,参数"/([a-zA-Z]+)/e"用于匹配所有的单词,"\0"代表匹配到的单词,strtolower()和strtoupper()函数分别用于进行大小写转换。

2.3 使用数组映射

可以使用数组将字符的大小写形式进行映射,以实现字符串大小写转换。例如:

$str = "Hello World!";
$map = array(
    'a' => 'A',
    'b' => 'B',
    'c' => 'C',
    'd' => 'D',
    'e' => 'E',
    'f' => 'F',
    'g' => 'G',
    'h' => 'H',
    'i' => 'I',
    'j' => 'J',
    'k' => 'K',
    'l' => 'L',
    'm' => 'M',
    'n' => 'N',
    'o' => 'O',
    'p' => 'P',
    'q' => 'Q',
    'r' => 'R',
    's' => 'S',
    't' => 'T',
    'u' => 'U',
    'v' => 'V',
    'w' => 'W',
    'x' => 'X',
    'y' => 'Y',
    'z' => 'Z',
    'A' => 'a',
    'B' => 'b',
    'C' => 'c',
    'D' => 'd',
    'E' => 'e',
    'F' => 'f',
    'G' => 'g',
    'H' => 'h',
    'I' => 'i',
    'J' => 'j',
    'K' => 'k',
    'L' => 'l',
    'M' => 'm',
    'N' => 'n',
    'O' => 'o',
    'P' => 'p',
    'Q' => 'q',
    'R' => 'r',
    'S' => 's',
    'T' => 't',
    'U' => 'u',
    'V' => 'v',
    'W' => 'w',
    'X' => 'x',
    'Y' => 'y',
    'Z' => 'z'
);
for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++) {
    $char = $str[$i];
    if (isset($map[$char])) { //判断字符是否在映射表中
        echo $map[$char]; //输出转换后的字符
    } else {
        echo $char;
    }
}
//输出 "hELLO wORLD!"
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以上就是几种实现字符串大小写转换的方法,如果你在实际开发中需要进行字符串大小写转换,可以根据需求选择相应的方法。

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