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mysql 初探_MySQL

May 31, 2016 am 08:46 AM

说是初探, 其实也是学了很多年了,但是由于没有什么实践经验,所以没有真正的学以致用,近来无聊,看看以前貌似熟悉的知识还在否?

1.distinct——select中的一个去重的关键字,问题如下。

a)distinct能否修饰*?实践证明是可以的,但是没有意义,因为数据库主键必不能重复,所以distinct没有达到去重的效果。

b)distinct能否修饰多个column?这是不行的,distinct只能用于所有column之前,查重的结果必是所有查询的column都相同才予以去除。

2.order by 与 limit

a)order by中的字符a和A是按ASCII排序的么?其实是一种设置,字符集是一种语言的所有字符,而校验是设置字符中那些是一样的。

b)limit后面数字的用法?有两种limit,一个参数仅仅表示选择行数,两个参数的第一个参数是从哪一行开始,第二个参数表示选择后面的多少行。

3.通配符和正则表达式

两者都是数据过滤的一种方式,值得注意的是通配符表示的是必须完全匹配上,而正则表达式只要匹配部分即可了,例如like “jet” 和regexp “jet”的区别,like “jet” 除了能匹配上jet不能匹配任何其他的字符串,而regexp能匹配例如”jet 1000″,”likejet”这样的字符串。还有,通配符较正则表达式简单一些,在sql查询的过程中应该优先于正则表达式的使用。

4.where子句和having子句

where是在分组前进行过滤,所以不应该有聚集函数的比较,而having是在分组后进行过滤,可以使用聚集函数。

5.inner join和outer join

outer join较inner join的选择更大,它会包含某些没有匹配上的记录,例如left outer join中,左边的记录如果没有找到右边记录的对应,也会列出来。

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