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MySQL: ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE 用法_MySQL

May 31, 2016 am 08:46 AM

使用该语法可在插入记录的时候先判断记录是否存在,如果不存在则插入,否则更新,很方便,无需执行两条SQL

这个语句知识mysql中,而标准sql语句中是没有的。 

INSERT INTO .. ON DUPLICATE KEY更新多行记录 

如果在INSERT语句末尾指定了ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,并且插入行后会导致在一个UNIQUE索引或PRIMARY KEY中出现重复值,则执行旧行UPDATE;如果不会导致唯一值列重复的问题,则插入新行。例如,如果列a被定义为UNIQUE,并且包含值1,则以下两个语句具有相同的效果: 

原本需要执行3条SQL语句,如下:

代码如下:

IF (SELECT * FROM t_table WHERE id=1001') {

UPDATE t_table SET cnt=cnt+1 WHERE id=1001;

} else {

INSERT INTO ipstats (id, cnt) VALUES (1001, 1);

}

现在,代码如下:

insert into t_table (id,cnt)

values(1001,2) on duplicate key update cnt=cnt+1;

update t_table set cnt=cnt+1 WHERE id=1001;

如果行作为新记录被插入,则受影响行的值为1;如果原有的记录被更新,则受影响行的值为2。 

现在问题来了,如果INSERT多行记录, ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE后面字段的值怎么指定?要知道一条INSERT语句中只能有一个ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,到底他会更新一行记录,还是更新所有需要更新的行。这个问题困扰了我很久了,其实使用VALUES()函数一切问题都解决了。 

举个例子,字段a被定义为UNIQUE,并且原数据库表table中已存在记录(2,2,9)和(3,2,1),如果插入记录的a值与原有记录重复,则更新原有记录,否则插入新行: 

代码如下:

INSERT INTO TABLE (a,b,c) VALUES

(1,2,3),(2,5,7),(3,3,6),(4,8,2)

ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE b=VALUES(b);

以上SQL语句的执行,发现(2,5,7)中的a与原有记录(2,2,9)发生唯一值冲突,则执行ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,将原有记录(2,2,9)更新成(2,5,9),将(3,2,1)更新成(3,3,1),插入新记录(1,2,3)和(4,8,2) 

注意:ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE只是MySQL的特有语法,并不是SQL标准语法!

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