Meticulous quantum computing could pose security risks that are even greater than artificial intelligence.

In recent years, controversy surrounding the risks of artificial intelligence has been widespread. Tesla CEO Elon Musk once publicly warned that computer systems may possess human intelligence as early as 2029. If the government does not regulate and intervene in it, this technology may become mankind's "biggest existential threat." In fact, regardless of whether artificial intelligence technology can truly acquire autonomous thinking capabilities similar to those of humans, the negative effects of its application have already emerged: it has been widely used to illegally monitor public spaces, monitor social media, conduct deep fakes, and create lethal weapons. All have affected and harmed people's lives.

When mankind cannot effectively respond to the crisis of artificial intelligence, similar mistakes should not be allowed to happen again! But some researchers say there is a more powerful emerging technology that could cause even more serious damage - quantum computing. There is no doubt that quantum computing technology can bring benefits, but just like two sides of a coin, humans still do not know enough about the destructive effects it will cause. Quantum computing can be used for good as well as for evil. Even when used in good faith, potential security risks must be considered.

Quantum computing operates on a completely different basis than current semiconductor-based computing technology. With their ability to process large amounts of data quickly, quantum computers can easily crack private records, private communications and passwords on any computing device in the world. Especially once quantum computing is combined with artificial intelligence technology, this destructiveness will increase exponentially, and then the catastrophic consequences that Musk warned will most likely occur.

Although it is still in the initial stage of application, the whole society urgently needs to understand all possible security impacts of this technology before its large-scale application, and respond in advance. We must not repeat the past mistakes that were detrimental to the management and control of artificial intelligence technology. Recently, security experts from the Forbes Technology Committee discussed the risks that human society may face in the application of quantum computing.

Risk 1. Modern encryption methods will be ineffective

Today’s cryptography is to encode data in large number combinations, using regular It is impossible for computing technology to crack these passwords in a reasonable amount of time. But quantum computers may use quantum mechanics principles, such as superposition, entanglement and uncertainty, to crack encryption instantly through brute force. Any modern password or key can be compromised by a brute force attack and rendered useless, and the industry currently has no idea how to combat this problem.

Risk 2. Internet infrastructure will be disrupted

Since quantum computers can quickly crack current encryption keys, all existing Internet information transmission is at risk, and attackers can use quantum computers to intercept various data information transmitted on the network. When information transmission is no longer secure, the existing Internet infrastructure will be subverted.

Risk 3. DNN models are more difficult to evaluate

If quantum computing is used for machine learning to form enhanced quantum machine learning, it may It will bring about the ultimate security black box problem. It is well known that deep neural network (DNN) models are not transparent. Although there are tools to monitor how the algorithm layers in DNN are working, once quantum machine learning is implemented, it will become more difficult to evaluate the DNN and judge the decision-making process, which may cause the machine learning process and results to lose control.

Risk 4. Now encrypted data will be decrypted in advance

A new threat called "collect first, decrypt later" is This refers to an attacker's attempt to steal encrypted data and potentially hold the data for years so that it can be decrypted using future quantum computing technology. Because even years later, much of the encrypted content may still be valuable to attackers.

Risk 5. The cost of enterprise digitalization will further increase

The cost of quantum computing is a potential risk. In a recession, environmental, social and governance issues are top of mind for most organizations, and starting and maintaining quantum computing projects is expensive. Quantum computing power will be expensive for a long time to come, but organizations should carefully consider their reasons for adopting quantum technology before investing too much in the technology.

Risk 6. The digital divide is sharply widening

A huge social risk of quantum computing is the sharp widening of the digital divide. The high cost of quantum computing means that only institutions and organizations with financial capabilities can enjoy powerful computing power, which may be used to further widen the gap between rich and poor and undermine social equality. As quantum computing takes off, one risk companies may face is that competitors will use the technology to outdo themselves, as quantum computers will be able to solve problems that traditional computers cannot. This could lead to a kind of "arms race" in which companies are forced to Upgrade your system or face crisis.

Risk 7. Damage to ecological resources

The stable operation of quantum computing relies on helium cooling to keep particles static. However, helium is a very scarce resource, and both quantity and price in its supply chain are at risk. First, organizations must ensure that they have enough access to helium to maintain the operation of quantum computing equipment; second, due to the temptation of huge commercial interests, there is a risk that quantum computing resources will be monopolized and concentrated in a few privileged operators.

Risk 8. Blockchain technology will be cracked

The rise of quantum computing may bring new challenges to the emerging blockchain and cryptocurrency economy bring risks. Blockchain relies on asymmetric key encryption algorithms (RSA and EC). These algorithms can also be broken through quantum computing, leading to malicious manipulation of the blockchain. This is a significant risk for companies and consumers investing in blockchain technology.

Risk 9. Risk of amplifying existing security vulnerabilities

Quantum computing is expected to disrupt technology as we know it today due to its powerful computing power . The biggest risk is that quantum computing will bring unforeseen risks to today's computing systems, as attackers can use the new computing power to find previously undiscovered security holes. This will pose challenges to existing vulnerability management programs.

Risk 10. Increase the risk of military confrontation between countries

While quantum computing promises to solve extremely complex problems in today’s society, it can also Used maliciously by national governments in war. If some countries' militaries have access to quantum computing but another's cannot, this information asymmetry could put the latter at a disadvantage in a war. Once the balance of military power between countries is broken, the risk of global military conflict will increase. ​

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