Home Database Mysql Tutorial mysql优化limit查询语句的5个方法_MySQL

mysql优化limit查询语句的5个方法_MySQL

May 31, 2016 am 08:47 AM

mysql的分页比较简单,只需要limit offset,length就可以获取数据了,但是当offset和length比较大的时候,mysql明显性能下降

1.子查询优化法

先找出第一条数据,然后大于等于这条数据的id就是要获取的数据
缺点:数据必须是连续的,可以说不能有where条件,where条件会筛选数据,导致数据失去连续性,具体方法请看下面的查询实例:
复制代码 代码如下:
mysql> set profiling=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select count(*) from Member;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|   169566 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> pager grep !~-
PAGER set to 'grep !~-'

mysql> select * from Member limit 10, 100;
100 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from Member where MemberID >= (select MemberID from Member limit 10,1) limit 100;
100 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from Member limit 1000, 100;
100 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from Member where MemberID >= (select MemberID from Member limit 1000,1) limit 100;
100 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from Member limit 100000, 100;
100 rows in set (0.10 sec)

mysql> select * from Member where MemberID >= (select MemberID from Member limit 100000,1) limit 100;
100 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> nopager
PAGER set to stdout


mysql> show profiles/G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Query_ID: 1
Duration: 0.00003300
   Query: select count(*) from Member

*************************** 2. row ***************************
Query_ID: 2
Duration: 0.00167000
   Query: select * from Member limit 10, 100
*************************** 3. row ***************************
Query_ID: 3
Duration: 0.00112400
   Query: select * from Member where MemberID >= (select MemberID from Member limit 10,1) limit 100

*************************** 4. row ***************************
Query_ID: 4
Duration: 0.00263200
   Query: select * from Member limit 1000, 100
*************************** 5. row ***************************
Query_ID: 5
Duration: 0.00134000
   Query: select * from Member where MemberID >= (select MemberID from Member limit 1000,1) limit 100

*************************** 6. row ***************************
Query_ID: 6
Duration: 0.09956700
   Query: select * from Member limit 100000, 100
*************************** 7. row ***************************
Query_ID: 7
Duration: 0.02447700
   Query: select * from Member where MemberID >= (select MemberID from Member limit 100000,1) limit 100

从结果中可以得知,当偏移1000以上使用子查询法可以有效的提高性能。

2.倒排表优化法

倒排表法类似建立索引,用一张表来维护页数,然后通过高效的连接得到数据

缺点:只适合数据数固定的情况,数据不能删除,维护页表困难

倒排表介绍:(而倒排索引具称是搜索引擎的算法基石)

倒排表是指存放在内存中的能够追加倒排记录的倒排索引。倒排表是迷你的倒排索引。

临时倒排文件是指存放在磁盘中,以文件的形式存储的不能够追加倒排记录的倒排索引。临时倒排文件是中等规模的倒排索引。

最终倒排文件是指由存放在磁盘中,以文件的形式存储的临时倒排文件归并得到的倒排索引。最终倒排文件是较大规模的倒排索引。

倒排索引作为抽象概念,而倒排表、临时倒排文件、最终倒排文件是倒排索引的三种不同的表现形式。

3.反向查找优化法

当偏移超过一半记录数的时候,先用排序,这样偏移就反转了

缺点:order by优化比较麻烦,要增加索引,索引影响数据的修改效率,并且要知道总记录数 ,偏移大于数据的一半

limit偏移算法:
正向查找: (当前页 - 1) * 页长度
反向查找: 总记录 - 当前页 * 页长度

做下实验,看看性能如何

总记录数:1,628,775
每页记录数: 40
总页数:1,628,775 / 40 = 40720
中间页数:40720 / 2 = 20360

第21000页
正向查找SQL:
复制代码 代码如下:SELECT * FROM `abc` WHERE `BatchID` = 123 LIMIT 839960, 40 
时间:1.8696 秒

反向查找sql:
复制代码 代码如下:SELECT * FROM `abc` WHERE `BatchID` = 123 ORDER BY InputDate DESC LIMIT 788775, 40
时间:1.8336 秒

第30000页
正向查找SQL: 
复制代码 代码如下:SELECT * FROM `abc` WHERE `BatchID` = 123 LIMIT 1199960, 40 
时间:2.6493 秒

反向查找sql:
复制代码 代码如下:SELECT * FROM `abc` WHERE `BatchID` = 123 ORDER BY InputDate DESC LIMIT 428775, 40 
时间:1.0035 秒

注意,反向查找的结果是是降序desc的,并且InputDate是记录的插入时间,也可以用主键联合索引,但是不方便。

4.limit限制优化法

把limit偏移量限制低于某个数。。超过这个数等于没数据,我记得alibaba的dba说过他们是这样做的

5.只查索引法

MySQL的limit工作原理就是先读取n条记录,然后抛弃前n条,读m条想要的,所以n越大,性能会越差。
优化前SQL:
复制代码 代码如下:SELECT * FROM member ORDER BY last_active LIMIT 50,5
优化后SQL:
复制代码 代码如下:SELECT * FROM member INNER JOIN (SELECT member_id FROM member ORDER BY last_active LIMIT 50, 5) USING (member_id)
区别在于,优化前的SQL需要更多I/O浪费,因为先读索引,再读数据,然后抛弃无需的行。而优化后的SQL(子查询那条)只读索引(Cover index)就可以了,然后通过member_id读取需要的列。

总结:limit的优化限制都比较多,所以实际情况用或者不用只能具体情况具体分析了。页数那么后,基本很少人看的。。。

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