How to maintain long connection in golang

With the development of modern Internet applications, long connections have become an essential feature of many applications. In Golang, creating long connections can not only improve application performance, but also reduce latency in network protocol communication and connection overhead. In this article, we will explore how Golang creates long connections to improve the performance and stability of network communication.

1. What is a long connection

A long connection refers to a persistent connection established between the client and the server during the communication process. Different from a short connection, a short connection corresponds to a request and a response, and the connection is closed immediately after the connection is established. A long connection, after the connection is established, can send requests and receive responses multiple times until the connection is explicitly closed or times out.

2. Protocols supported by Golang

In Golang, there are many protocols that can be used to create long connections. The most commonly used protocols are as follows:

1. HTTP/1.1

HTTP protocol is a client-server protocol used between Web applications Communication. HTTP/1.1 improves performance and reduces latency by maintaining long-lived connections between clients and servers.

In Golang, you can use the net/http package to implement long connections of the HTTP/1.1 protocol.

2. WebSocket

WebSocket is a protocol that allows two-way communication between a client and a server. WebSocket establishes a long connection between the client and the server for instant communication when needed.

In Golang, you can use the gorilla/websocket package to implement long connections of the WebSocket protocol.

3. TCP

TCP protocol is a connection-oriented protocol used for data transmission between two computers on the network. The TCP protocol improves performance and stability by establishing long connections.

In Golang, you can use the net package to implement long connections of the TCP protocol.

3. Steps to implement long connections

In Golang, the steps to implement long connections are as follows:

1. Create a connection

First, you need to pass The protocol's relevant interface creates a connection. For example, use the net/http package to create an HTTP/1.1 connection:

client := &http.Client{
    Transport: &http.Transport{
        MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,
    },
}
resp, err := client.Get(url)

2. Send a request

When sending a request, the requested data can be sent through the connection. For example, in an HTTP/1.1 connection, you can send an HTTP request:

client := &http.Client{}
resp, err := client.Get(url)

3. Receive response

After receiving the response from the other party, you can read the response data. For example, in an HTTP/1.1 connection, the HTTP response can be read:

client := &http.Client{}
resp, err := client.Get(url)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf("Failed to get response: %s
", err)
}
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf("Failed to read response body: %s
", err)
}
fmt.Printf("Response: %s
", string(body))

4. Close the connection

After completing the data transfer, the connection needs to be closed explicitly. For example, in HTTP/1.1 connection, you can close the HTTP connection:

client := &http.Client{}
resp, err := client.Get(url)
...
resp.Body.Close()

4. How to keep the connection

To keep a long connection in Golang, you need to use the following code example to keep the TCP long Connection:

conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", address)
if err != nil {
    log.Fatalf("Failed to dial: %s
", err)
}
defer conn.Close()

// 保持长连接
for {
    // 发送请求
    _, err = conn.Write([]byte("ping"))
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to write: %s
", err)
    }

    // 读取响应
    resp := make([]byte, 1024)
    _, err = conn.Read(resp)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to read: %s
", err)
    }

    // 处理响应
    fmt.Printf("Response: %s
", string(resp))
}

In the above code example, we used an infinite loop to keep the connection alive. Inside the loop, we send a "ping" request and wait for a response from the other party. If an error occurs while waiting for a response from the other party, we terminate the connection. Otherwise, we process the other party's response.

5. Summary

Long connections are one of the important components of modern Internet applications. In Golang, we can use protocols such as HTTP/1.1, WebSocket and TCP to implement long connections. By creating a connection, sending a request and receiving a response, we can implement a long connection and keep the connection active.

One thing to note is that when maintaining a long connection in Golang, you need to avoid problems such as idleness and timeout of the connection. Therefore, we should close unnecessary connections in time and adjust the connection timeout settings as needed to maintain the stability and performance of the connection.

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