Golang underlying implementation video

Golang, as a high-performance development language, has been attracting much attention in recent years. Not only because of its concise and efficient syntax and rich standard library, but also because of its fast compilation speed and concurrent execution capabilities.

For Golang fans, understanding some of the underlying implementation principles of Golang can allow them to better master the language and write more efficient code.

So, this article will introduce the underlying implementation of Golang to help readers understand the principles and underlying mechanisms of Golang.

Part One: Basic Concepts of Golang

Before learning the underlying implementation of Golang, we need to understand some basic concepts first.

1. Goroutine

Goroutine is a very important concept in Golang. It is actually a lightweight thread. Goroutine can be started by a Go statement and runs under the scheduling model of the Go runtime.

The advantages of Goroutine are very obvious: its startup time is very short, generally only taking a few nanoseconds. Moreover, a program can start many Goroutines, and the cost of switching between them is very low.

2. Channel

Channel is a mechanism for communication between two Goroutines in Golang. Channel can be understood as a pipe, used to transfer data.

In Golang, there are two types of Channel: buffered and unbuffered. A buffered Channel can send data without blocking, and will only block when the Channel buffer is filled; an unbuffered Channel must ensure the matching rules of sending and receiving, otherwise it will always block.

3. Go statement

Go statement is a special syntax of Golang, used to start a new Goroutine. When executing a Go statement, the program will return immediately and the Goroutine will start executing.

Using Go statements can help us write more concise and efficient programs.

Part 2: Golang’s underlying implementation mechanism

After understanding the above basic concepts, we can delve into the underlying implementation mechanism of Golang.

1. Golang's scheduling model

Golang has designed a scheduling model called "M:N thread scheduling", which maps M user-level threads to N Executed on a real operating system thread. This scheduling model allows Golang programs to execute multiple Goroutines on multi-core CPUs, thereby achieving high concurrency.

In Golang's scheduling model, M represents the Goroutine itself in the Go program, and N represents the operating system thread when the computer is running.

Each operating system thread is maintained by the Golang runtime, and Goroutine is executed by the operating system thread. Therefore, Golang manages a number of operating system threads internally during runtime, and each Goroutine may execute on any operating system thread.

In addition, the Golang runtime will also handle tasks such as scheduling, garbage collection, and memory management to ensure the high performance, high reliability, and high maintainability of Golang programs.

2. Golang’s memory allocation

Golang’s memory allocation is managed uniformly by the Golang runtime. Memory allocation in Golang is divided into two ways: stack memory allocation and heap memory allocation.

In Golang, the stack memory of Goroutine is fixed and has been set when it starts. For heap memory, Golang uses pointers for allocation and release.

Golang’s memory allocation method is safer and more efficient than traditional languages ​​such as C. Because Golang's memory management is automated, and the garbage collection mechanism can automatically reclaim memory that is at risk of memory leaks.

3. Golang’s garbage collection mechanism

Another highlight of Golang in terms of memory management is its efficient garbage collection mechanism. Golang uses a garbage collection mechanism based on the mark-and-sweep algorithm.

In Golang's garbage collection mechanism, the program will trigger garbage collection when the steps reach a certain height. The garbage collector scans all reachable objects in the heap, marking and clearing objects that are no longer used. After this process, all memory will become available again.

Compared with traditional garbage collection algorithms, Golang's garbage collection algorithm is more efficient and flexible. It can perform GC without affecting program performance, and does not need to stop the running of user programs during garbage collection.

Part Three: Application Scenarios of Golang

Through the above analysis of the underlying implementation of Golang, we can see that Golang can be applied to many application scenarios, such as: web applications, distributed systems, Cloud computing, network programming, etc.

Golang’s efficient compilation, fast garbage collection and high-concurrency execution capabilities make it one of the preferred languages ​​for developing modern distributed, high-concurrency, and high-performance programs.

Summary

In this article, we introduced some basic concepts of Golang and Golang’s underlying implementation mechanism, including Golang’s scheduling model, memory allocation and garbage collection mechanism. At the same time, we also emphasized the application scenarios of Golang.

For developers who want to deeply understand the underlying implementation mechanism of Golang, mastering this knowledge is very necessary. By learning the underlying implementation of Golang, we can write Golang programs more efficiently and accurately, bringing better performance and experience to our applications.

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