How to write golang background

With the continuous development of Web development, more and more people are paying attention to golang as a backend programming language. Because of golang's efficiency and concurrency features, more and more companies are beginning to use golang as a backend development language. If you also want to use golang for backend development, here are some key steps.

1. Installing golang

First, you need to go to the golang official website (https://golang.org/) to download golang. Select the corresponding version according to your operating system and install it. After the installation is complete, you can enter the following command on the command line to verify whether it is successful:

go version

If there is output similar to the following information, it means that you have successfully installed golang.

go version go1.16.2 windows/amd64

2. Create workspace

In golang, you need to create a workspace. This workspace is very important for compiling, running and testing your code. In your local file system, you need to create a folder as a workspace. For example:

mkdir ~/go-workspace

At this point your workspace is successfully created. Next, you need to set some environment variables so that golang can execute correctly.

3. Set environment variables

On UNIX systems, you need to set environment variables by editing the ~/.bashrc file. Specifically, you need to add the following lines to the file:

export GOPATH=~/go-workspace
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin:$GOPATH/bin

Where, GOPATH is the workspace path you just named, and PATH is the collection of your golang installation path and workspace path. In this way, you can use the go command to execute the golang program in the terminal.

4. Create project

Switch to your workspace directory and execute the following command:

mkdir src/github.com/<user>/<project-name>

where is your user name, is the name of your project. In this way, your project directory is created successfully.

5. Writing code

After creating the project, you can create a new main.go file in the project directory and start writing your code. The following is a simple example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, golang")
}

This example is very simple, just outputting a line of "Hello, golang". In fact, in golang, you need to learn more language features and standard library functions to write more complex programs.

6. Compile, run and test

After writing the code, you can use the go build command to compile your code. For example:

go build

If your code involves third-party packages, you need to use the go get command to download dependencies from the warehouse.

Running the program is very simple, just execute the following command:

./project-name

The project-name here is the name of the project you just created.

Finally, you need to write test cases to test your code. In golang, you can use the testing library for unit testing. The following is a simple test case example:

package main

import (
    "testing"
)

func TestHello(t *testing.T) {
    got := Hello("golang")
    want := "Hello, golang"
    if got != want {
        t.Errorf("got %s want %s", got, want)
    }
}

This test case tests the Hello function. If the output result is not "Hello, golang", the test fails.

At this point, you have learned how to use golang for backend development. Of course, this is just an entry-level example. If you want to learn golang programming in depth, you need to refer to more materials and consult more documents.

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