import shutil # shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length]),将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中 shutil.copyfileobj(open('old.xml', 'r'), open('new.xml', 'w')) # shutil.copyfile(src, dst),拷贝文件 shutil.copyfile('f1.log', 'f2.log') # 目标文件无需存在 # shutil.copymode(src, dst),仅拷贝权限。内容、组、用户均不变 shutil.copymode('f1.log', 'f2.log') # 目标文件必须存在 # shutil.copystat(src, dst),仅拷贝状态的信息,包括:mode bits, atime, mtime, flags shutil.copystat('f1.log', 'f2.log') # 目标文件必须存在 # shutil.copy(src, dst),拷贝文件和权限 shutil.copy('f1.log', 'f2.log') # shutil.copy2(src, dst),拷贝文件和状态信息 shutil.copy2('f1.log', 'f2.log') # shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns) # shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None),递归的去拷贝文件夹 # 目标目录不能存在,注意对folder2目录父级目录要有可写权限,ignore的意思是排除 shutil.copytree('folder1', 'folder2', ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*')) # shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]]),递归的去删除文件 shutil.rmtree('folder1') # shutil.move(src, dst),递归的去移动文件,它类似mv命令,其实就是重命名 shutil.move('folder1', 'folder3') # shutil.make_archive(base_name, format, ...),创建压缩包并返回文件路径,例如:zip、tar ''' base_name: 压缩包的文件名,也可以是压缩包的路径。只是文件名时,则保存至当前目录,否则保存至指定路径,如 data_bak = >保存至当前路径;/ tmp/data_bak = >保存至/tmp/ format:压缩包种类,“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”,“gztar” root_dir:要压缩的文件夹路径(默认当前目录) owner:用户,默认当前用户 group:组,默认当前组 logger:用于记录日志,通常是logging.Logger对象 ''' # 将 /data 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录 ret = shutil.make_archive("data_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='/data') # 将 /data下的文件打包放置 /tmp/目录 ret = shutil.make_archive("/tmp/data_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='/data')
shutil processes compressed packages by calling two modules, ZipFile and TarFile. Details:
import zipfile # 压缩 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w') z.write('a.log') z.write('data.data') z.close() # 解压 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r') z.extractall(path='.') z.close()
import tarfile # 压缩 t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','w') t.add('/test1/a.py',arcname='a.bak') t.add('/test1/b.py',arcname='b.bak') t.close() # 解压 t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','r') t.extractall('/egon') t.close()
The subprocess module allows you to create a new process to execute another program and communicate with it to obtain Standard input, standard output, standard error and return codes, etc.
import subprocess ''' sh-3.2# ls /Users/nick/Desktop |grep txt$ mysql.txt tt.txt 事物.txt ''' res1 = subprocess.Popen('ls /Users/jieli/Desktop',shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) res = subprocess.Popen('grep txt$', shell=True,stdin=res1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) # 下面这段等同于上面,但是上面的优势在于,一个数据流可以和另外一个数据流交互,可以通过爬虫得到结果然后交给grep。 res1 = subprocess.Popen('ls /Users/jieli/Desktop |grep txt$',shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) print(res1.stdout.read().decode('utf-8')) # windows下: # dir | findstr 'test*' # dir | findstr 'txt$' res1 = subprocess.Popen(r'dir “C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\test\函数备课”', shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) res = subprocess.Popen('findstr test*', shell=True, stdin=res1.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE) # subprocess使用当前系统默认编码,得到结果为bytes类型,在windows下需要用gbk解码 print(res.stdout.read().decode('gbk') )
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