使用的成本越低,内部封装越复杂
在SpringBoot框架的web依赖包中,引入的是内嵌Tomcat组件,基于SpringBoot的版本,Tomcat集成的是9.0版本;
<!-- 1、项目工程依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- 2、starter-web依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <!-- 3、starter-tomcat依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId> <version>9.0.31</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency>
在SpringBoot框架的自动配置类中,Web项目中不显式更换其他服务依赖时,默认提供了对Tomcat服务的管理;
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) @EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) @Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class}) public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration { @Bean @ConditionalOnClass(name = "org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat") public TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer( ServerProperties serverProperties) { return new TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties); } }
Server:代表整个Tomcat容器;
Service:服务器内部的中间组件,将一个或多个Connector绑定到一个Engine上;
Engine:表示特定服务的请求处理管道,接收Connector的请求并响应;
Host:网络主机名称;
Connector:连接器处理与客户端的通信;
Context:代表一个Web应用程序的上下文;
参考Tomcat9.0版本的核心组件描述,对于框架有大致的了解后,再去分析集成原理,会更容易把握主线逻辑;
在配置文件中,对Tomcat做一些基础性的设置,查看下面的配置类可以知道,这些属性存在默认值;
server: port: 8082 # 端口号 tomcat: # Tomcat组件 uri-encoding: UTF-8 # URI编码 max-threads: 100 # 最大工作线程 min-spare-threads: 10 # 最小工作线程
在服务配置中,提供多种服务器的适配,像Tomcat、Jetty、Netty、Undertow,从策略上看,配置分为公共属性以及各种服务器的适配属性;
更多配置信息,可以参考完整的源码和注释说明;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true) public class ServerProperties { private Integer port; public static class Tomcat { private Charset uriEncoding = StandardCharsets.UTF_8; private int maxThreads = 200; private int minSpareThreads = 10; } }
基于配置的属性,定制化管理Tomcat服务的信息;
public class TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer implements WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory> { @Override public void customize(ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory factory) { ServerProperties properties = this.serverProperties; ServerProperties.Tomcat tomcatProperties = properties.getTomcat(); PropertyMapper propertyMapper = PropertyMapper.get(); customizeStaticResources(factory); } }
TomcatWeb服务工厂,这里在创建WebServer时,使用的是Tomcat,需要适当的了解一下Tomcat架构;
public class TomcatServletWebServerFactory extends AbstractServletWebServerFactory implements ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory, ResourceLoaderAware { @Override public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) { Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat(); Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol); connector.setThrowOnFailure(true); tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector); customizeConnector(connector); tomcat.setConnector(connector); tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false); configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine()); prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers); return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat); } }
WebServer的简单接口,只声明端口获取,服务启动和停止相关方法;
public interface WebServer { // 获取监听的端口 int getPort(); // 服务启动 void start() throws WebServerException; // 服务停止 void stop() throws WebServerException; }
SpringBoot中,Tomcat服务核心控制类,通过TomcatServletWebServerFactory工厂类创建,对Tomcat生命周期的管理提供了一层包装;
public class TomcatWebServer implements WebServer { private final Tomcat tomcat; private final Map<Service, Connector[]> serviceConnectors = new HashMap<>(); }
Apache组件中,轻量级Tomcat启动器,提供了Tomcat基础配置,比如默认的Port和HostName,以及生命周期管理的方法,TomcatWebServer类中调用的就是该API中的具体方法;
public class Tomcat { protected Server server; protected int port = 8080; protected String hostname = "localhost"; // 初始化服务 public void init() throws LifecycleException { getServer(); server.init(); } // 启动服务 public void start() throws LifecycleException { getServer(); server.start(); } // 停止服务 public void stop() throws LifecycleException { getServer(); server.stop(); } }
2.1 初始化,初始化时,调用Apache-Tomcat类中启动方法;
public class TomcatWebServer implements WebServer { /** * 初始化方法 */ private void initialize() throws WebServerException { // 控制台日志 logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false)); synchronized (this.monitor) { // 调用Apache-Tomcat类中启动方法 this.tomcat.start(); } } }
2.2 启动,在初始化的方法中,调用的Tomcat启动方法,这里对状态进行校验并输出日志;
public class TomcatWebServer implements WebServer { /** * 启动方法 */ public void start() throws WebServerException { synchronized (this.monitor) { if (this.started) { return; } checkThatConnectorsHaveStarted(); // 启动状态的标识 this.started = true; // 控制台日志 logger.info("Tomcat started on port(s): " + getPortsDescription(true) + " with context path '" + getContextPath() + "'"); } } }
2.3 停止,在组件生命周期的常规管理逻辑中,停止服务之后进行销毁动作的执行,其中自然涉及到多个状态标识的转换;
public class TomcatWebServer implements WebServer { /** * 停止方法 */ public void stop() throws WebServerException { synchronized (this.monitor) { // 状态变化 boolean wasStarted = this.started; this.started = false; // Tomcat服务停止 stopTomcat(); this.tomcat.destroy(); } } }
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