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Application of MVC pattern in PHP

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Release： 2023-05-11 15:26:01

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MVC pattern is a design pattern widely used in software development. The MVC pattern divides the application into three independent parts: model, view and controller. In this pattern, the model is responsible for processing data, the view is responsible for displaying data, and the controller is responsible for handling user input and operations. The MVC pattern is widely used in PHP, and many PHP frameworks adopt this pattern.

The advantages of the MVC model are obvious. First, it makes the application easier to maintain and promotes code reusability. Secondly, the MVC pattern abstracts data and business logic, making views and controllers more independent. This makes it easier to reuse and modify them. Finally, the MVC pattern makes applications easier to test. Because the model, view, and controller are separate, it is easier to script automated tests.

There are two ways to implement the MVC pattern in PHP: manual implementation and using a framework. Manual implementation takes more time and effort because you need to write all the code and test scripts yourself. Using a framework simplifies this process and provides many excellent features such as routing, template engines, and ORMs.

The following is the implementation of a simple MVC model in PHP:

First, we need to create a simple controller. The role of the controller is to handle user requests, call models and render views.

class HomeController {
  public function index() {
    // 调用模型来获取数据
    $data = (new UserModel())->get();

    //渲染视图
    (new View())->render('home.index', $data);
  }
}

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The above controller includes an "index" method, which calls a "UserModel" object to obtain data and render a view. The following is the code of the "UserModel" class in the MVC pattern:

class UserModel {
  // 数据库连接
  private $pdo;

  public function __construct() {
    //建立数据库连接
    $this->pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=phpmvc', 'root', '');
  }

  public function get() {
    //查询所有用户
    $stmt = $this->pdo->prepare('SELECT * FROM users');
    $stmt->execute();

    //返回所有用户数据
    return $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
  }
}

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The UserModel class includes a "get" method that queries all users in the database and returns the results.

Finally, we need to create a simple view. The role of the view is to render the data into HTML and send it to the user's browser. When using the MVC pattern, some template engines are usually used to process HTML.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>用户列表</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>用户列表</h1>
    <table>
      <thead>
        <tr>
          <th>ID</th>
          <th>姓名</th>
          <th>邮箱</th>
        </tr>
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        <?php foreach ($users as $user): ?>
          <tr>
            <td><?php echo $user['id']; ?></td>
            <td><?php echo $user['name']; ?></td>
            <td><?php echo $user['email']; ?></td>
          </tr>
        <?php endforeach ?>
      </tbody>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>

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The above HTML code renders all the user's data and then presents it to the user through the MVC pattern.

Summary: The MVC pattern is widely used in PHP and can be implemented manually or using a framework. This pattern has many advantages; it can make the application easier to maintain, enable code reusability, and make it easier to test.

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