How to use Docker's Compose to implement nginx load balancing

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Release: 2023-05-11 16:13:06
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Using docker network management and container ip settings as basic knowledge to implement nginx load balancing

View all docker networks

docker network ls

/*
network id     name         driver       scope
b832b168ca9a    bridge        bridge       local
373be82d3a6a    composetest_default  bridge       local
a360425082c4    host         host        local
154f600f0e90    none         null        local

*/

// composetest_default 是上一篇介绍compose时,docker-compose.yml文件所在的目录名,
// 所以,用docker-compose创建的容器会默认创建一个以目录名为网络名的网络,并且是dridge(桥接)类型
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Specify the container ip address

version: "3"
services:
  web1:
    container_name: web1
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: 192.169.0.3
  web2:
    container_name: web2
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: 192.169.0.2
networks:
  nginx-lsb:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
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Use docker-compose to start the container

docker-compose up -d
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Check whether the container is started and confirm whether the network nginx-lsb is created

// 可以查看当前docker-compose.yml配置的容器组里的容器状态
docker-compose ps

docker network ls

/*
network id     name          driver       scope
b832b168ca9a    bridge         bridge       local
373be82d3a6a    composetest_default   bridge       local
de6f5b8df1c8    composetest_nginx-lsb  bridge       local
a360425082c4    host          host        local
154f600f0e90    none          null        local
*/

// 创建了nginx-lsb网络,命名是容器组项目的 文件名开头_网络名
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View the details of the network nginx-lsb

docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb

// 详情里面可以看到使用这个网络的每个容器的ip

如:

/*
...
 "containers": {
      "039aa860ef04f20a7566fdc943fb4398a61d2ad6dd3e373b17c86ac778af89e3": {
        "name": "web2",
        "endpointid": "1bc206661179e65999015f132c2889d3d4365b8d42b8a89cf9c260016fedd5ee",
        "macaddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:02",
        "ipv4address": "192.169.0.2/16",
        "ipv6address": ""
      },
      "437ad7a07da8e46c0abaf845c4b08425338009fbe972bde69478cf47c75c315b": {
        "name": "web1",
        "endpointid": "5a36e602a5364ee9ad06e9816d09e3966d56ebf06b9394ebc25b8bcee9546607",
        "macaddress": "02:42:c0:a9:00:03",
        "ipv4address": "192.169.0.3/16",
        "ipv6address": ""
      }
    },
...
*/
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Use env_file environment file:

It can be simply understood as: define variables in docker-compose.yml, and reference variables in external .env files

Official document address:

// 还是在composetest目录中定义个 .env文件,用来存放变量
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3

// 修改docker-compose.yml文件,加入变量定义
version: "3"
services:
  web1:
    container_name: web1
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
  web2:
    container_name: web2
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
  nginx-lsb:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 192.169.0.0/16
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Restart the composetest project, and check the network details to confirm whether the container ip is set successfully

// 重新启动composetest项目
docker-compose up -d

// 查看网络详情
docker network inspect composetest_nginx-lsb
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Add an nginx server as a load balancing server in the composetest project

// 在.env文件里添加一个变量 nginx_lsb
web1_addr=192.169.0.2
web2_addr=192.169.0.3
nginx_lsb=192.169.0.100

// 修改docker-compose.yml文件,加入变量定义
version: "3"
services:
  nginx-lsb:
    container_name: nginx-lsb
    image: "centos:nginx"
    ports: 
      - "8000:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${nginx_lsb}
  web1:
    container_name: web1
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web1/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web1_addr}
  web2:
    container_name: web2
    image: "centos:httpd"
    ports:
      - "8081:80"
    privileged: true
    volumes:
      - "/app/www/web2/:/var/www/html/"
    command: ['/usr/sbin/init']
    networks:
      nginx-lsb:
        ipv4_address: ${web2_addr}
networks:
  nginx-lsb:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 192.169.0.0/16

// 重新启动composetest项目
docker-compose up -d
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Modify the nginx.conf configuration file, configure load balancing

upstream mydocker {
  server 192.169.0.2;
  server 192.169.0.3;
}

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name mydocker;
  location / {
    proxy_set_header host $host;
    proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header x-forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_buffering off;
    proxy_pass http://mydocker;
  }
}
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Restart nginx-lsb, load the configuration file

docker-composer restart nginx-lsb
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Visit http://server ip address:8000, test server load balancing!

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