Table of Contents
1. Introduction to the tkraise() method of Frame
2, tkraise usage example
Home Backend Development Python Tutorial How to implement Frame switching in Python Tkinter GUI programming

How to implement Frame switching in Python Tkinter GUI programming

May 11, 2023 pm 04:25 PM
python gui tkinter

1. Introduction to the tkraise() method of Frame

Usually, a Tkinter application consists of multiple Frames. And you often need to switch between Frames to display the Frame relevant to the user's selection.

Tkinter allows Frames to be stacked together. To display a specific Frame, just place one on top of another in stacking order. The top Frame will be visible.

To put the Frame on top, you can use the tkraise() method of the Frame widget, as shown below:

frame.tkraise()
Copy after login

2, tkraise usage example

The following will implement one The temperature conversion small application uses two different Frames for Fahrenheit and Celsius temperatures. The UI window is composed as follows:

How to implement Frame switching in Python Tkinter GUI programming

ConverterFrame will have two instances, one to convert the temperature from Fahrenheit to Fahrenheit Convert temperature to Celsius and another one to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit:

How to implement Frame switching in Python Tkinter GUI programming

In the first step, define a TemperatureConverter class with two static methods: fahrenheit_to_celsius and celsius_to_fahrenheit.

class TemperatureConverter:
    @staticmethod
    def fahrenheit_to_celsius(f, format=True):
        result = (f - 32) * 5/9
        if format:
            return f'{f} Fahrenheit = {result:.2f} Celsius'
        return result

    @staticmethod
    def celsius_to_fahrenheit(c, format=True):
        result = c * 9/5 + 32
        if format:
            return f'{c} Celsius = {result:.2f} Fahrenheit'
        return result
Copy after login

The fahrenheit_to_celsius and celsius_to_fahrenheit methods will return a formatted string if the second argument is omitted or True is passed to them. Otherwise, they return the result as a number.

Second step, define the ConverterFrame that will display the UI for converting the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius and vice versa.

To do this, you need to make the ConverterFrame more flexible by adding the following parameters to the __init__() method:

  • will display the temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius string

  • Callback function used to convert temperature.

class ConverterFrame(ttk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, container, unit_from, converter):
        super().__init__(container)

        self.unit_from = unit_from
        self.converter = converter

        # field options
        options = {'padx': 5, 'pady': 0}

        # temperature label
        self.temperature_label = ttk.Label(self, text=self.unit_from)
        self.temperature_label.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='w',  **options)

        # temperature entry
        self.temperature = tk.StringVar()
        self.temperature_entry = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.temperature)
        self.temperature_entry.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='w', **options)
        self.temperature_entry.focus()

        # button
        self.convert_button = ttk.Button(self, text='Convert')
        self.convert_button.grid(column=2, row=0, sticky='w', **options)
        self.convert_button.configure(command=self.convert)

        # result label
        self.result_label = ttk.Label(self)
        self.result_label.grid(row=1, columnspan=3, **options)

        # add padding to the frame and show it
        self.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")

    def convert(self, event=None):
        """  Handle button click event
        """
        try:
            input_value = float(self.temperature.get())
            result = self.converter(input_value)
            self.result_label.config(text=result)
        except ValueError as error:
            showerror(title='Error', message=error)

    def reset(self):
        self.temperature_entry.delete(0, "end")
        self.result_label.text = ''
Copy after login

How does the above code work?

  • 1) Use the unit_from parameter to display the temperature label.

  • 2) Call the self.convert callback in the convert() method to convert the temperature from one unit to another.

  • 3) Define the reset() method to clear the entry widgets and result labels when the Frame switches from one to another.

Third, define a ControlFrame class that displays radio buttons for selecting which Frame to display. The ControFrame class inherits from ttk.LabelFrame.

class ControlFrame(ttk.LabelFrame):
    def __init__(self, container):

        super().__init__(container)
        self['text'] = 'Options'

        # radio buttons
        self.selected_value = tk.IntVar()

        ttk.Radiobutton(
            self,
            text='F to C',
            value=0,
            variable=self.selected_value,
            command=self.change_frame).grid(column=0, row=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Radiobutton(
            self,
            text='C to F',
            value=1,
            variable=self.selected_value,
            command=self.change_frame).grid(column=1, row=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        self.grid(column=0, row=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='ew')

        # initialize frames
        self.frames = {}
        self.frames[0] = ConverterFrame(
            container,
            'Fahrenheit',
            TemperatureConverter.fahrenheit_to_celsius)
        self.frames[1] = ConverterFrame(
            container,
            'Celsius',
            TemperatureConverter.celsius_to_fahrenheit)

        self.change_frame()

    def change_frame(self):
        frame = self.frames[self.selected_value.get()]
        frame.reset()
        frame.tkraise()
Copy after login

How does the above code work?

  • Each radio button has a value of 0 or 1.

  • Create two instances of the ConverterFrame class, one responsible for converting the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius, and the other responsible for converting the temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit. In addition, define a dictionary to store these Frames. The keys of the Frame are the same as the values ​​of the radio buttons.

  • When a radio button is clicked, the change_frame() method is called to select the corresponding Frame from the dictionary based on the value of the selected button.

  • Call Frame's reset() method to reset the input fields and result labels. And also calls the tkraise() method to display the Frame.

Fourth, define the App class inherited from the tk.Tk class:

class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.title('Temperature Converter')
        self.geometry('300x120')
        self.resizable(False, False)
Copy after login

Finally, start the program

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    ControlFrame(app)
    app.mainloop()
Copy after login

The code is integrated as follows:

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter.messagebox import showerror


class TemperatureConverter:
    @staticmethod
    def fahrenheit_to_celsius(f, format=True):
        result = (f - 32) * 5/9
        if format:
            return f'{f} Fahrenheit = {result:.2f} Celsius'
        return result

    @staticmethod
    def celsius_to_fahrenheit(c, format=True):
        result = c * 9/5 + 32
        if format:
            return f'{c} Celsius = {result:.2f} Fahrenheit'
        return result


class ConverterFrame(ttk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, container, unit_from, converter):
        super().__init__(container)

        self.unit_from = unit_from
        self.converter = converter

        # field options
        options = {'padx': 5, 'pady': 0}

        # temperature label
        self.temperature_label = ttk.Label(self, text=self.unit_from)
        self.temperature_label.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='w',  **options)

        # temperature entry
        self.temperature = tk.StringVar()
        self.temperature_entry = ttk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.temperature)
        self.temperature_entry.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='w', **options)
        self.temperature_entry.focus()

        # button
        self.convert_button = ttk.Button(self, text='Convert')
        self.convert_button.grid(column=2, row=0, sticky='w', **options)
        self.convert_button.configure(command=self.convert)

        # result label
        self.result_label = ttk.Label(self)
        self.result_label.grid(row=1, columnspan=3, **options)

        # add padding to the frame and show it
        self.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=5, pady=5, sticky="nsew")

    def convert(self, event=None):
        """  Handle button click event
        """
        try:
            input_value = float(self.temperature.get())
            result = self.converter(input_value)
            self.result_label.config(text=result)
        except ValueError as error:
            showerror(title='Error', message=error)

    def reset(self):
        self.temperature_entry.delete(0, "end")
        self.result_label.text = ''


class ControlFrame(ttk.LabelFrame):
    def __init__(self, container):

        super().__init__(container)
        self['text'] = 'Options'

        # radio buttons
        self.selected_value = tk.IntVar()

        ttk.Radiobutton(
            self,
            text='F to C',
            value=0,
            variable=self.selected_value,
            command=self.change_frame).grid(column=0, row=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        ttk.Radiobutton(
            self,
            text='C to F',
            value=1,
            variable=self.selected_value,
            command=self.change_frame).grid(column=1, row=0, padx=5, pady=5)

        self.grid(column=0, row=1, padx=5, pady=5, sticky='ew')

        # initialize frames
        self.frames = {}
        self.frames[0] = ConverterFrame(
            container,
            'Fahrenheit',
            TemperatureConverter.fahrenheit_to_celsius)
        self.frames[1] = ConverterFrame(
            container,
            'Celsius',
            TemperatureConverter.celsius_to_fahrenheit)

        self.change_frame()

    def change_frame(self):
        frame = self.frames[self.selected_value.get()]
        frame.reset()
        frame.tkraise()


class App(tk.Tk):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.title('Temperature Converter')
        self.geometry('480x240')
        self.resizable(False, False)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    ControlFrame(app)
    app.mainloop()
Copy after login

The running results are as follows:

How to implement Frame switching in Python Tkinter GUI programming

The above is the detailed content of How to implement Frame switching in Python Tkinter GUI programming. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Repo: How To Revive Teammates
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Google AI announces Gemini 1.5 Pro and Gemma 2 for developers Google AI announces Gemini 1.5 Pro and Gemma 2 for developers Jul 01, 2024 am 07:22 AM

Google AI has started to provide developers with access to extended context windows and cost-saving features, starting with the Gemini 1.5 Pro large language model (LLM). Previously available through a waitlist, the full 2 million token context windo

How to download deepseek Xiaomi How to download deepseek Xiaomi Feb 19, 2025 pm 05:27 PM

How to download DeepSeek Xiaomi? Search for "DeepSeek" in the Xiaomi App Store. If it is not found, continue to step 2. Identify your needs (search files, data analysis), and find the corresponding tools (such as file managers, data analysis software) that include DeepSeek functions.

How do you ask him deepseek How do you ask him deepseek Feb 19, 2025 pm 04:42 PM

The key to using DeepSeek effectively is to ask questions clearly: express the questions directly and specifically. Provide specific details and background information. For complex inquiries, multiple angles and refute opinions are included. Focus on specific aspects, such as performance bottlenecks in code. Keep a critical thinking about the answers you get and make judgments based on your expertise.

What software is NET40? What software is NET40? May 10, 2024 am 01:12 AM

.NET 4.0 is Microsoft's software development platform that provides a framework and toolset for building a variety of applications, including web, desktop, and mobile applications. Its features include: Parallel Programming Library (TPL) Parallel LINQ (PLINQ) Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) Silverlight 5Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 4.0. Benefits include: Performance improvements Code reusability Cross-platform support Developer-friendliness Security.

How to search deepseek How to search deepseek Feb 19, 2025 pm 05:18 PM

Just use the search function that comes with DeepSeek. Its powerful semantic analysis algorithm can accurately understand the search intention and provide relevant information. However, for searches that are unpopular, latest information or problems that need to be considered, it is necessary to adjust keywords or use more specific descriptions, combine them with other real-time information sources, and understand that DeepSeek is just a tool that requires active, clear and refined search strategies.

How to program deepseek How to program deepseek Feb 19, 2025 pm 05:36 PM

DeepSeek is not a programming language, but a deep search concept. Implementing DeepSeek requires selection based on existing languages. For different application scenarios, it is necessary to choose the appropriate language and algorithms, and combine machine learning technology. Code quality, maintainability, and testing are crucial. Only by choosing the right programming language, algorithms and tools according to your needs and writing high-quality code can DeepSeek be successfully implemented.

How to use deepseek to settle accounts How to use deepseek to settle accounts Feb 19, 2025 pm 04:36 PM

Question: Is DeepSeek available for accounting? Answer: No, it is a data mining and analysis tool that can be used to analyze financial data, but it does not have the accounting record and report generation functions of accounting software. Using DeepSeek to analyze financial data requires writing code to process data with knowledge of data structures, algorithms, and DeepSeek APIs to consider potential problems (e.g. programming knowledge, learning curves, data quality)

The Key to Coding: Unlocking the Power of Python for Beginners The Key to Coding: Unlocking the Power of Python for Beginners Oct 11, 2024 pm 12:17 PM

Python is an ideal programming introduction language for beginners through its ease of learning and powerful features. Its basics include: Variables: used to store data (numbers, strings, lists, etc.). Data type: Defines the type of data in the variable (integer, floating point, etc.). Operators: used for mathematical operations and comparisons. Control flow: Control the flow of code execution (conditional statements, loops).

See all articles