How to use multithreading in Go?

Go is a powerful programming language with rich concurrency support. Using multithreading in Go is very easy and is an important feature of Go. In this article, we will explore how to use multithreading in Go and why this technique is so useful.

What is multi-threading?

Multi-threading is a concurrent programming method that allows multiple program code fragments to be executed simultaneously in the same program. These pieces of code are called threads. Each thread has its own execution path, and multiple threads can be executed simultaneously.

The advantage of multi-threading is that it can improve the execution efficiency of the program. When the program needs to perform some time-consuming operations, we can place these operations in one thread, and then continue to execute other code in another thread to achieve the purpose of improving program efficiency.

Multi-threading in Go

The Go language provides support for concurrent programming at the language level. Its concurrent programming mechanism is based on Goroutine and Channel. Goroutine is a lightweight thread in Go. Its creation and destruction are much faster than traditional threads. Channel is a method of communication between coroutines, which supports synchronous and asynchronous message passing.

Multi-threaded programming using Goroutine

Creating a new Goroutine is very easy, and it can be done with the keyword go. In the example below, we create two Goroutines to print some numbers.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func printDigits(start int, end int) {
    for i := start; i <= end; i++ {
        fmt.Println(i)
    }
}

func main() {
    go printDigits(1, 5)
    go printDigits(6, 10)
}

In this example, we created two Goroutines to execute the printDigits function. This function will print the numbers from start to end. In the main function, we use the keyword go to create a Goroutine. This way, both functions will be executed at the same time because they are placed in different Goroutines.

Use Channel for communication between Goroutines

In Go, communication between Goroutines is implemented through Channel. Channel is a special type that can pass data between coroutines. A Channel can be used to both send data and receive data. In the following example, we create a Channel to send data from one Goroutine to another Goroutine.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
)

func sum(a []int, c chan int) {
    sum := 0
    for _, v := range a {
        sum += v
    }
    c <- sum // 把 sum 发送到通道 c
}

func main() {
    a := []int{7, 2, 8, -9, 4, 0}

    c := make(chan int)
    go sum(a[:len(a)/2], c)
    go sum(a[len(a)/2:], c)
    x, y := <-c, <-c // 从通道 c 中接收

    fmt.Println(x, y, x+y)
}

In this example, we create a sum function that calculates the sum of the numbers in a slice. This function will accept a slice and a Channel as parameters, and then it will send the sum to the Channel.

In the main function, we first create a slice of length 6 and divide it into two parts. We then created a Channel to receive the sum from the two Goroutines. Next, we start two Goroutines, each Goroutine will call the sum function to calculate a part of the slice. Finally, we receive the sum from the Channel and add the two sums and print them out.

Summary

The multi-threaded programming mechanism of Go language is very simple and easy to use. Parallel processing and data transmission can be easily achieved using Goroutine and Channel. This technique can greatly improve the efficiency of the program, especially when processing large-scale data. For applications that require efficient concurrency, the Go language is a very good choice.

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