查找MySQL中查询慢的SQL语句的方法_MySQL
1、通过查询日志
(1)、Windows下开启MySQL慢查询
MySQL在Windows系统中的配置文件一般是是my.ini找到[mysqld]下面加上
代码如下
log-slow-queries = F:/MySQL/log/mysqlslowquery。log
long_query_time = 2
(2)、Linux下启用MySQL慢查询
MySQL在Windows系统中的配置文件一般是是my.cnf找到[mysqld]下面加上
代码如下
log-slow-queries=/data/mysqldata/slowquery。log
long_query_time=2
说明
log-slow-queries = F:/MySQL/log/mysqlslowquery。
为慢查询日志存放的位置,一般这个目录要有MySQL的运行帐号的可写权限,一般都将这个目录设置为MySQL的数据存放目录;
long_query_time=2中的2表示查询超过两秒才记录;
2.show processlist 命令
SHOW PROCESSLIST显示哪些线程正在运行。您也可以使用mysqladmin processlist语句得到此信息。
各列的含义和用途:
ID列
一个标识,你要kill一个语句的时候很有用,用命令杀掉此查询 /*/mysqladmin kill 进程号。
user列
显示单前用户,如果不是root,这个命令就只显示你权限范围内的sql语句。
host列
显示这个语句是从哪个ip的哪个端口上发出的。用于追踪出问题语句的用户。
db列
显示这个进程目前连接的是哪个数据库。
command列
显示当前连接的执行的命令,一般就是休眠(sleep),查询(query),连接(connect)。
time列
此这个状态持续的时间,单位是秒。
state列
显示使用当前连接的sql语句的状态,很重要的列,后续会有所有的状态的描述,请注意,state只是语句执行中的某一个状态,一个 sql语句,以查询为例,可能需要经过copying to tmp table,Sorting result,Sending data等状态才可以完成
info列
显示这个sql语句,因为长度有限,所以长的sql语句就显示不全,但是一个判断问题语句的重要依据。
这个命令中最关键的就是state列,mysql列出的状态主要有以下几种:
Checking table
正在检查数据表(这是自动的)。
Closing tables
正在将表中修改的数据刷新到磁盘中,同时正在关闭已经用完的表。这是一个很快的操作,如果不是这样的话,就应该确认磁盘空间是否已经满了或者磁盘是否正处于重负中。
Connect Out
复制从服务器正在连接主服务器。
Copying to tmp table on disk
由于临时结果集大于tmp_table_size,正在将临时表从内存存储转为磁盘存储以此节省内存。
Creating tmp table
正在创建临时表以存放部分查询结果。
deleting from main table
服务器正在执行多表删除中的第一部分,刚删除第一个表。
deleting from reference tables
服务器正在执行多表删除中的第二部分,正在删除其他表的记录。
Flushing tables
正在执行FLUSH TABLES,等待其他线程关闭数据表。
Killed
发送了一个kill请求给某线程,那么这个线程将会检查kill标志位,同时会放弃下一个kill请求。MySQL会在每次的主循环中检查kill标志位,不过有些情况下该线程可能会过一小段才能死掉。如果该线程程被其他线程锁住了,那么kill请求会在锁释放时马上生效。
Locked
被其他查询锁住了。
Sending data
正在处理SELECT查询的记录,同时正在把结果发送给客户端。
Sorting for group
正在为GROUP BY做排序。
Sorting for order
正在为ORDER BY做排序。
Opening tables
这个过程应该会很快,除非受到其他因素的干扰。例如,在执ALTER TABLE或LOCK TABLE语句行完以前,数据表无法被其他线程打开。正尝试打开一个表。
Removing duplicates
正在执行一个SELECT DISTINCT方式的查询,但是MySQL无法在前一个阶段优化掉那些重复的记录。因此,MySQL需要再次去掉重复的记录,然后再把结果发送给客户端。
Reopen table
获得了对一个表的锁,但是必须在表结构修改之后才能获得这个锁。已经释放锁,关闭数据表,正尝试重新打开数据表。
Repair by sorting
修复指令正在排序以创建索引。
Repair with keycache
修复指令正在利用索引缓存一个一个地创建新索引。它会比Repair by sorting慢些。
Searching rows for update
正在讲符合条件的记录找出来以备更新。它必须在UPDATE要修改相关的记录之前就完成了。
Sleeping
正在等待客户端发送新请求.
System lock
正在等待取得一个外部的系统锁。如果当前没有运行多个mysqld服务器同时请求同一个表,那么可以通过增加--skip-external-locking参数来禁止外部系统锁。
Upgrading lock
INSERT DELAYED正在尝试取得一个锁表以插入新记录。
Updating
正在搜索匹配的记录,并且修改它们。
User Lock
正在等待GET_LOCK()。
Waiting for tables
该线程得到通知,数据表结构已经被修改了,需要重新打开数据表以取得新的结构。然后,为了能的重新打开数据表,必须等到所有其他线程关闭这个表。以下几种情况下会产生这个通知:FLUSH TABLES tbl_name, ALTER TABLE, RENAME TABLE, REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE,或OPTIMIZE TABLE。
waiting for handler insert
INSERT DELAYED已经处理完了所有待处理的插入操作,正在等待新的请求。
大部分状态对应很快的操作,只要有一个线程保持同一个状态好几秒钟,那么可能是有问题发生了,需要检查一下。
参考资料: 如何查找MySQL中查询慢的SQL语句 http://www.studyofnet.com/news/494.html

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