IP address: The unique identifier of each device in the network, used to connect to the network Positioning equipment.
Port: identifies different network applications on the device. One port corresponds to a specific service or application.
Protocol: Rules for data communication, such as TCP and UDP.
Socket is a communication handle used to transmit data in the network.
Python's socket
library provides a wealth of functions and classes for implementing network programming.
Socket programming mainly includes operations such as creating socket objects, binding addresses and ports, monitoring connections, accepting and sending data, etc.
The chat room is divided into server side and client side.
The server is responsible for receiving the client’s connection request and forwarding the client’s message.
The client is responsible for establishing a connection with the server and sending and receiving messages.
The chat room needs to support multiple clients online at the same time and receive and send messages in real time.
import socket import threading server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server.bind(("0.0.0.0", 8080))
server.listen(5)
clients = [] while True: client_socket, client_address = server.accept() clients.append(client_socket) thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client_socket, client_address)) thread.start()
def handle_client(client_socket, client_address): print(f"[INFO] Client {client_address} connected.") while True: try: message = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") if not message: break print(f"[{client_address}] {message}") broadcast(client_socket, f"[{client_address}] {message}") except: break print(f"[INFO] Client {client_address} disconnected.") clients.remove(client_socket) client_socket.close() ``
clients.remove(client_socket) client_socket.close()
def broadcast(from_client_socket, message): for client_socket in clients: if client_socket != from_client_socket: client_socket.send(message.encode("utf-8"))
import socket import threading def handle_client(client_socket, client_address): print(f"[INFO] Client {client_address} connected.") while True: try: message = client_socket.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") if not message: break print(f"[{client_address}] {message}") broadcast(client_socket, f"[{client_address}] {message}") except: break print(f"[INFO] Client {client_address} disconnected.") clients.remove(client_socket) client_socket.close() def broadcast(from_client_socket, message): for client_socket in clients: if client_socket != from_client_socket: client_socket.send(message.encode("utf-8")) server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) server.bind(("0.0.0.0", 8080)) server.listen(5) print("[INFO] Server is listening...") clients = [] while True: client_socket, client_address = server.accept() clients.append(client_socket) thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client_socket, client_address)) thread.start()
import socket import threading client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8080))
def receive_message(): while True: message = client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") print(message) thread = threading.Thread(target=receive_message) thread.start()
while True: message = input() client.send(message.encode("utf-8"))
import socket import threading def receive_message(): while True: message = client.recv(1024).decode("utf-8") print(message) client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) client.connect(("127.0.0.1", 8080)) print("[INFO] Connected to the server.") thread = threading.Thread(target=receive_message) thread.start() while True: message = input() client.send(message.encode("utf-8"))
Start the chat room server and multiple clients respectively. Send a message on the client and observe whether other clients can receive the message. Try disconnecting the client and observe the behavior of the server and other clients.
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