How to optimize nginx under Linux system

nginx introduction:

• Nginx Nginx (engine x) is a high-performance HTTP and reverse proxy web server,Nginx is a lightweight web server/reverse proxy server

• As a rising star, Nginx’s charm has attracted many people to invest in it embrace. The configuration is simple and the implementation principle is simple. There's nothing better than doing a load balancing thing.

Specific methods for optimizing nginx in Linux system

1. Optimize Nginx concurrency

 [root@proxy ~]# ab -n 2000 -c 2000 http://192.168.4.5/
 Benchmarking 192.168.4.5 (be patient)
 socket: Too many open files (24)                //提示打开文件数量过多

　Modify Nginx configuration file , increase the amount of concurrency

 [root@proxy ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 .. ..
 worker_processes  2;                    //与CPU核心数量一致
 events {
 worker_connections 65535;        //每个worker最大并发连接数
 use epoll;
 }
 .. ..
 [root@proxy ~]# nginx -s reload

2. Optimize Linux kernel parameters (maximum number of files)

 [root@proxy ~]# ulimit -a                        //查看所有属性值
 [root@proxy ~]# ulimit -Hn 100000                //设置硬限制（临时规则）
 [root@proxy ~]# ulimit -Sn 100000                //设置软限制（临时规则）
 [root@proxy ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
     .. ..
 *               soft    nofile            100000
 *               hard    nofile            100000
 #该配置文件分4列，分别如下：
 #用户或组    硬限制或软限制    需要限制的项目   限制的值

　Test server concurrency after optimization

 [root@proxy ~]# ab -n 2000 -c 2000 http://192.168.4.5/

3. Optimize Nginx packet header cache

 [root@proxy ~]# cat lnmp_soft/buffer.sh
 #!/bin/bash
 URL=http://192.168.4.5/index.html?
 for i in {1..5000}
 do
     URL=${URL}v$i=$i
 done
 curl $URL                                //经过5000次循环后，生成一个长的URL地址栏
 [root@proxy ~]# ./buffer.sh
 .. ..
 414 Request-URI Too Large        //提示头部信息过大

Modify the Nginx configuration file and increase the packet header cache size

 [root@proxy ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 .. ..
 http {
 client_header_buffer_size    1k;        //默认请求包头信息的缓存    
 large_client_header_buffers  4 4k;        //大请求包头部信息的缓存个数与容量
 .. ..
 }
 [root@proxy ~]# nginx -s reload

4. Compress the page

 [root@proxy ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 http {
 .. ..
 gzip on;                            //开启压缩
 gzip_min_length 1000;                //小文件不压缩
 gzip_comp_level 4;                //压缩比率
 gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
                                     //对特定文件压缩，类型参考mime.types
 .. ..

5. Server memory cache

 http {
 open_file_cache          max=2000  inactive=20s;
         open_file_cache_valid    60s;
         open_file_cache_min_uses 5;
         open_file_cache_errors   off;
 //设置服务器最大缓存2000个文件句柄，关闭20秒内无请求的文件句柄
 //文件句柄的有效时间是60秒，60秒后过期
 //只有访问次数超过5次会被缓存
 }

6. Browser caches static data locally

 [root@proxy ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 server {
         listen       80;
         server_name  localhost;
         location / {
             root   html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
         }
 location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|css|js|ico|xml)$ {
 expires        30d;            //定义客户端缓存时间为30天
 }
 }
 [root@proxy ~]# cp /usr/share/backgrounds/day.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html
 [root@proxy ~]# nginx -s reload

What is a Linux system

Linux is a UNIX-like operating system that is free to use and spread freely. It is a POSIX-based multi-user, multi-tasking, multi-threading and A multi-CPU operating system that uses Linux to run major Unix tool software, applications, and network protocols.

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