golang ip address conversion

In network programming, IP address-related operations are often involved, and IP address conversion is a task that often needs to be processed. As a modern high-level programming language, Go language has some built-in powerful network programming libraries, which include many functions and tools for IP address translation.

This article will introduce the commonly used IP address conversion methods in Go language to help readers better understand and master network programming in Go language.

1. Representation of IP address

IP address is an identifier used for network connection and communication. In computer networking, an IP address is a unique identifier used to identify each computer on the network. In the TCP/IP protocol, the IP address is composed of 32-bit binary numbers, which are usually converted into decimal numbers using certain rules. For example: "192.168.0.1" is represented as a 32-bit binary number.

In the Go language, there are two common ways to represent IP addresses:

1. IPv4

IPv4 addresses are composed of 32-bit binary numbers. , it is usually divided into four parts, each part is represented by a decimal number less than or equal to 255. For example: "192.168.0.1".

2. IPv6

An IPv6 address is composed of 128 binary digits and is usually represented as 8 groups of 16 hexadecimal digits separated by colons (:) . For example: "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334".

2. IP address conversion method

In the Go language, the net package and strconv package provide a wealth of functions and tools to achieve IP address conversion. In the following content, we will introduce some of the commonly used conversion methods in detail.

1. Convert strings to IP addresses

In Go language, you can use the ParseIP function under the net package to convert IPv4 and IPv6 address strings to net. The value of IP type is as follows:

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)
 
func main() {
    ipv4addr := net.ParseIP("192.168.0.1")
    ipv6addr := net.ParseIP("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334")
 
    fmt.Println(ipv4addr.String())
    fmt.Println(ipv6addr.String())
}

The running result is as follows:

192.168.0.1
2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334

2. Convert uint32 type to IPv4 address

In Go language , you can use the IPv4 function under the net package to convert the uint32 type value to an IPv4 address, as shown below:

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
    "encoding/binary"
)
 
func main() {
    addr := uint32(3232235521) // 192.168.0.1 的十进制表示
 
    b := make([]byte, 4)
    binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b, addr)
    ipv4 := net.IPv4(b[0], b[1], b[2], b[3])
 
    fmt.Println(ipv4.String())
}

The running results are as follows:

192.168.0.1

3. Convert the string to uint32 IPv4 address of type

In Go language, you can use the ParseIP function under the net package to convert IPv4 and IPv6 address strings into net.IP type values, and you can use the net.IPv4Mask function Convert the string of the IPv4 address to a uint32 type value, as follows:

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)
 
func main() {
    ipv4 := net.ParseIP("192.168.0.1")
    addr := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(ipv4.To4())
 
    fmt.Println(addr)
}

The running result is as follows:

3232235521

4. Convert the string to the net.IPNet type

In the Go language, you can use the ParseCIDR function under the net package to convert the string representation of the IP address and subnet mask into a value of the net.IPNet type, as follows:

package main
 
import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)
 
func main() {
    addr, network, _ := net.ParseCIDR("192.168.0.1/24")
 
    fmt.Println(addr)
    fmt.Println(network)
}

The running results are as follows:

192.168.0.1
192.168.0.0/24

3. Summary

In this article, we introduce the commonly used IP address conversion methods in the Go language through specific code examples. By mastering these conversion methods, we can more flexibly handle IP address issues in various network programming, improving programming efficiency and code quality.

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