mysql_connect localhost和127.0.0.1的区别(网络层阐述)_PHP
connects.php
代码如下:
mysql_connect('127.0.0.1','root','zzzizzz1');
mysql_connect('localhost','root','zzzizzz1');
使用strace获取系统调用:
代码如下:
strace php connects.php 2>&1 | grep connect
#127.0.0.1 -> internet socket
connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(3306), sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress)
#localhost -> unix domain socket
connect(7, {sa_family=AF_FILE, path="/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"}, 110) = 0
Socket原本是为网络通讯设计的,但后来在Socket的框架上发展出一种IPC机制,就是UNIX Domain Socket。
虽然网络socket也可用于同一台主机的进程间通讯(通过loopback地址127.0.0.1),但是UNIX Domain Socket用于IPC更有效率:
不需要经过网络协议栈,不需要打包拆包、计算校验和、维护序号和应答等,只是将应用层数据从一个进程拷贝到另一个进程。
这是因为,IPC机制本质上是可靠的通讯,而网络协议是为不可靠的通讯设计的。
UNIX Domain Socket也提供面向流和面向数据包两种API接口,类似于TCP和UDP,但是面向消息(UDP)的UNIX Domain Socket也是可靠的,消息既不会丢失也不会顺序错乱。

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